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Clinical Chemistry 18: 499-502, 1972;
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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 18, 499-502, Copyright © 1972 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Estimation of the Concentration of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Plasma, Without Use of the Preparative Ultracentrifuge

William T. Friedewald 1, Robert I. Levy 1, and Donald S. Fredrickson 1

1 Biometrics Research Branch (W.T.F.) and the Molecular Disease Branch (R.I.L. and D.S.F.), National Heart and Lung Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Md. 20014.

A method for estimating the cholesterol content of the serum low-density lipoprotein fraction (Sf0-20) is presented. The method involves measurements of fasting plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, none of which requires the use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Comparison of this suggested procedure with the more direct procedure, in which the ultracentrifuge is used, yielded correlation coefficients of .94 to .99, depending on the patient population compared.


Key Words: hyperlipoproteinemia classification • determination of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol • beta lipoproteins

Submitted on February 29, 1972
Accepted on March 13, 1972




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 Rheumatology (Oxford)Home page
M. Turiel, F. Atzeni, L. Tomasoni, S. de Portu, L. Delfino, B. D. Bodini, M. Longhi, S. Sitia, M. Bianchi, P. Ferrario, et al.
Non-invasive assessment of coronary flow reserve and ADMA levels: a case-control study of early rheumatoid arthritis patients
Rheumatology, July 1, 2009; 48(7): 834 - 839.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
M. J. Pencina, R. B. D'Agostino Sr, M. G. Larson, J. M. Massaro, and R. S. Vasan
Predicting the 30-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: The Framingham Heart Study
Circulation, June 23, 2009; 119(24): 3078 - 3084.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J Trop PediatrHome page
C. Hu, F. Tao, Y. Wan, J. Hao, and D. Ye
Normal Reference Values for Serum Lipid Levels in Chinese Adolescents Between 12 and 18 Years of Age
J Trop Pediatr, June 8, 2009; (2009) fmp042v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch Intern MedHome page
D. J. A. Jenkins, J. M. W. Wong, C. W. C. Kendall, A. Esfahani, V. W. Y. Ng, T. C. K. Leong, D. A. Faulkner, E. Vidgen, K. A. Greaves, G. Paul, et al.
The Effect of a Plant-Based Low-Carbohydrate ("Eco-Atkins") Diet on Body Weight and Blood Lipid Concentrations in Hyperlipidemic Subjects
Arch Intern Med, June 8, 2009; 169(11): 1046 - 1054.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
Y. J. Park, J. W. Yoon, K. I. Kim, Y. J. Lee, K. W. Kim, S. H. Choi, S. Lim, D. J. Choi, K.-H. Park, J. H. Choh, et al.
Subclinical Hypothyroidism Might Increase the Risk of Transient Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.
Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 2009; 87(6): 1846 - 1852.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Evid Based Complement Alternat MedHome page
N. P. Visavadiya and A. V. R. L. Narasimhacharya
Asparagus Root Regulates Cholesterol Metabolism and Improves Antioxidant Status in Hypercholesteremic Rats
Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med., June 1, 2009; 6(2): 219 - 226.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
L. Lumey, A. D Stein, H. S Kahn, and J. Romijn
Lipid profiles in middle-aged men and women after famine exposure during gestation: the Dutch Hunger Winter Families Study
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2009; 89(6): 1737 - 1743.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
A. G. Semb, T. Ueland, P. Aukrust, N. J. Wareham, R. Luben, L. Gullestad, J. J.P. Kastelein, K.-T. Khaw, and S. M. Boekholdt
Osteoprotegerin and Soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Ligand and Risk for Coronary Events: A Nested Case-Control Approach in the Prospective EPIC-Norfolk Population Study 1993-2003
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2009; 29(6): 975 - 980.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Madani, K. Karastergiou, N. C. Ogston, N. Miheisi, R. Bhome, N. Haloob, G. D. Tan, F. Karpe, J. Malone-Lee, M. Hashemi, et al.
RANTES release by human adipose tissue in vivo and evidence for depot-specific differences
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2009; 296(6): E1262 - E1268.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am J EpidemiolHome page
C. A. Derby, S. L. Crawford, R. C. Pasternak, M. Sowers, B. Sternfeld, and K. A. Matthews
Lipid Changes During the Menopause Transition in Relation to Age and Weight: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
Am. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2009; 169(11): 1352 - 1361.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 StrokeHome page
D. Baldassarre, S. Castelnuovo, B. Frigerio, M. Amato, J. P. Werba, A. De Jong, A. L. Ravani, E. Tremoli, and C. R. Sirtori
Effects of Timing and Extent of Smoking, Type of Cigarettes, and Concomitant Risk Factors on the Association Between Smoking and Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Stroke, June 1, 2009; 40(6): 1991 - 1998.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JAMAHome page
B. K. Mahmoodi, R. T. Gansevoort, N. J. G. M. Veeger, A. G. Matthews, G. Navis, H. L. Hillege, J. van der Meer, and for the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage
Microalbuminuria and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism
JAMA, May 6, 2009; 301(17): 1790 - 1797.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
H. R. Superko
Advanced Lipoprotein Testing and Subfractionation Are Clinically Useful
Circulation, May 5, 2009; 119(17): 2383 - 2395.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
M. Ravera, G. Noberasco, M. Re, A. Filippi, A. M. Gallina, U. Weiss, R. Cannavo, G. Ravera, C. Cricelli, and G. Deferrari
Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive type 2 diabetics: a primary care perspective
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., May 1, 2009; 24(5): 1528 - 1533.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Clin. Chem.Home page
S. Mora, N. Rifai, J. E. Buring, and P. M Ridker
Comparison of LDL Cholesterol Concentrations by Friedewald Calculation and Direct Measurement in Relation to Cardiovascular Events in 27 331 Women
Clin. Chem., May 1, 2009; 55(5): 888 - 894.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Diabetes CareHome page
S. Kodama, K. Saito, S. Tanaka, M. Maki, Y. Yachi, M. Sato, A. Sugawara, K. Totsuka, H. Shimano, Y. Ohashi, et al.
Influence of Fat and Carbohydrate Proportions on the Metabolic Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis
Diabetes Care, May 1, 2009; 32(5): 959 - 965.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Clin. Chem.Home page
B. G. Nordestgaard and M. Benn
Fasting and Nonfasting LDL Cholesterol: To Measure or Calculate?
Clin. Chem., May 1, 2009; 55(5): 845 - 847.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Psychosom. Med.Home page
M. Elovainio, A.-M. Aalto, M. Kivimaki, S. Pirkola, J. Sundvall, J. Lonnqvist, and A. Reunanen
Depression and C-Reactive Protein: Population-Based Health 2000 Study
Psychosom Med, May 1, 2009; 71(4): 423 - 430.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 StrokeHome page
N. Meier, K. Nedeltchev, C. Brekenfeld, A. Galimanis, U. Fischer, O. Findling, L. Remonda, G. Schroth, H. P. Mattle, and M. Arnold
Prior Statin Use, Intracranial Hemorrhage, and Outcome After Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Stroke, May 1, 2009; 40(5): 1729 - 1737.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 StrokeHome page
B. J. Kim, S.-H. Lee, W.-S. Ryu, B. S. Kang, C. K. Kim, and B.-W. Yoon
Low Level of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Increases Hemorrhagic Transformation in Large Artery Atherothrombosis but Not in Cardioembolism
Stroke, May 1, 2009; 40(5): 1627 - 1632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Nutr.Home page
M.-P. St-Onge, L. L. T. Goree, and B. Gower
High-Milk Supplementation with Healthy Diet Counseling Does not Affect Weight Loss but Ameliorates Insulin Action Compared with Low-Milk Supplementation in Overweight Children
J. Nutr., May 1, 2009; 139(5): 933 - 938.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 HypertensionHome page
T. E. Brinkley, B. J. Nicklas, A. M. Kanaya, S. Satterfield, E. G. Lakatta, E. M. Simonsick, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, S. B. Kritchevsky, and for the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
Plasma Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels and Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
Hypertension, May 1, 2009; 53(5): 846 - 852.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CMAJHome page
G. T.C. Ko, W.-Y. So, P. C. Tong, W.-B. Chan, X. Yang, R. C. Ma, A. P. Kong, R. Ozaki, C.-Y. Yeung, C.-C. Chow, et al.
Effect of interactions between C peptide levels and insulin treatment on clinical outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Can. Med. Assoc. J., April 28, 2009; 180(9): 919 - 926.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
H. Noda, H. Iso, F. Irie, T. Sairenchi, E. Ohtaka, M. Doi, Y. Izumi, and H. Ohta
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations and Death Due to Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage: The Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study
Circulation, April 28, 2009; 119(16): 2136 - 2145.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J Trop PediatrHome page
Md. Z. H. Howlader, S. Parveen, S. Tamanna, T. A. Khan, and F. Begum
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Neonates Born to Pre-eclamptic Mother
J Trop Pediatr, April 20, 2009; (2009) fmp025v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
S. S. Lund, A. A. Vaag, and T. Jensen
Letter by Lund et al Regarding Article, "Fasting Compared With Nonfasting Lipids and Apolipoproteins for Predicting Incident Cardiovascular Events"
Circulation, April 7, 2009; 119(13): e384 - e384.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
S. Mora, J. E. Buring, P. M Ridker, and N. Rifai
Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Fasting Compared With Nonfasting Lipids and Apolipoproteins for Predicting Incident Cardiovascular Events"
Circulation, April 7, 2009; 119(13): e385 - e385.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Innate ImmunityHome page
E. A. Nicu, M. L. Laine, S. A. Morre, U. Van der Velden, and B. G. Loos
Soluble CD14 in periodontitis
Innate Immunity, April 1, 2009; 15(2): 121 - 128.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 J. Epidemiol. Community HealthHome page
S G A Gimeno, D Rodrigues, E N Cano, E E S Lima, M Schaper, H Pagliaro, M M Lafer, and R G Baruzzi
Cardiovascular risk factors among Brazilian Karib indigenous peoples: Upper Xingu, Central Brazil, 2000-3
J Epidemiol Community Health, April 1, 2009; 63(4): 299 - 304.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Am. Coll. Nutr.Home page
N. M. McKeown, J. B. Meigs, S. Liu, G. Rogers, M. Yoshida, E. Saltzman, and P. F. Jacques
Dietary Carbohydrates and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Framingham Offspring Cohort
J. Am. Coll. Nutr., April 1, 2009; 28(2): 150 - 158.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ANGIOLOGYHome page
H. Nandeesha, P. Pavithran, and T. Madanmohan
Effect of Antihypertensive Therapy on Serum Lipids in Newly Diagnosed Essential Hypertensive Men
Angiology, April 1, 2009; 60(2): 217 - 220.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Journal of Pharmacy PracticeHome page
D. S. Nuzum and T. Merz
Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Journal of Pharmacy Practice, April 1, 2009; 22(2): 135 - 148.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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