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Clinical Chemistry 19: 753-755, 1973;
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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 19, 753-755, Copyright © 1973 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Efficiency and Sensitivity of Two Common Screening Methods for Detecting Morphine in Urine

Charles W. Gorodetzky 1

1 National Institute of Mental Health, Addiction Research Center, Lexington, Ky. 40507.

Modified procedures are described for extracting morphine from urine with organic solvents and with paper impregnated with ion-exchange resin, followed by detection by thin-layer chromatography. I propose that efficiency of extraction (percent recovery) be defined in terms of the amount of drug reaching the detection system vs. the amount in the total urine sample analyzed. Percent recoveries were determined experimentally with 95% confidence limits and 95%, P = .05 tolerance limits, and were 60.6% for the organic solvent procedure and 48.2% for the ion-exchange paper procedure. Sensitivity of the overall detection method can be defined as the concentration of drug in the urine detectable at least 99% of the time. Values (95% confidence limits) determined experimentally were 0.19 (0.14-0.25) µg/ml for the organic solvent procedure and 0.16 (0.07-0.35) µg/ml for the ion-exchange paper procedure.


Key Words: thin-layer chromatography • extraction of morphine with organic solvents or with paper impregnated with ion-exchange resin • expression of efficiency of extraction, sensitivity

Submitted on February 9, 1973
Accepted on May 8, 1973






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Copyright © 1973 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry.