Clinical Chemistry
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Clinical Chemistry 20: 282-287, 1974;
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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 20, 282-287, Copyright © 1974 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Isolation of Drugs and Drug Metabolites from Biological Fluids by Use of Salt-Solvent Pairs

M. G. Horning 1, P. Gregory 1, J. Nowlin 1, M. Stafford 1, K. Lertratanangkoon 1, C. Butler 1, W. G. Stillwell 1, and R. M. Hill 1

1 Institute for Lipid Research and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex. 77025.

Simple rapid procedures based on salt-solvent pairs have been developed for the isolation of drugs and drug metabolites from urine, plasma, and breast milk. The best overall recovery of drugs (84-104%) was obtained by using ammonium carbonate—ethyl acetate extraction. Internal standards were added to the biological samples before the isolation procedure was begun; standards labeled with stable isotopes were preferred. The isolated drugs were quantitated by selective ion detection, with use of an LKB 9000-PDP 12 in electron impact mode, a Finnigan 1015-PDP 8/1 in chemical ionization mode, and an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer. Sensitivity of detection was in the nanogram to picogram range.


Key Words: toxicology • assay of drugs in plasma, urine, breast milk • gas chromatography—mass spectrometry—computer system • drug "profile"

Submitted on December 2, 1973
Accepted on December 3, 1973




The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:


Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
R. M. Hill, W. M. Verniaud, N. F. Morgan, J. Nowlin, L. J. Glazener, and M. G. Horning
Urinary Excretion of Phenobarbital in a Neonate Having Withdrawal Symptoms
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, May 1, 1977; 131(5): 546 - 550.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Copyright © 1974 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry.