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Clinical Chemistry 21: 81-86, 1975;
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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 21, 81-86, Copyright © 1975 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Radioimmunoassay of Drugs Subject to Abuse: Critical Evaluation of Urinary Morphine—Barbiturate, Morphine, Barbiturate, and Amphetamine Assays

Salvatore J. Mulé 1, Eileen Whitlock 1, and Dennis Jukofsky 1

1 DACC Testing and Research Laboratory, 80 Hanson Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 11217.

Radioimmunoassays for morphine—barbiturate (MOR-BARB), morphine, barbiturate, and amphetamine were evaluated by a direct comparison with differential elution extraction thin-layer chromatography, the "enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique," and XAD-2 resin extraction thin-layer chromatography for the detection in urine of drugs subject to abuse. Statistically significant (P < 0.01) concentrations for detection were: 50-100 µg/liter for MOR-BARB; 5 µg/liter for morphine, 10 µg/liter for barbiturate, and 500 µg/liter for amphetamine. Unconfirmed and unaccounted-for radioimmunoassay positives (false) were: 0% for morphine in the radioimmunoassay for MOR-BARB and that for morphine alone; 2.8% for barbiturates in the MOR-BARB assay and that for barbiturates alone; 0-6% when a combination of these drugs was present in the MOR-BARB, morphine, or barbiturate assay; and 2.4% in the amphetamine radioimmunoassay. Less than 1% of all radioimmunoassay-negative samples were unconfirmed (false). Cross-reactivity was observed with drugs of a similar chemical structure in each of the radioimmunoassays tested. All the radioimmunoassays were easy to use, highly sensitive, and extremely reliable for detecting drug use or abuse.


Key Words: "kit" methods • thin-layer chromatography • enzyme multiplied immunoassay • sensitivity and cross-reactivity

Submitted on July 22, 1974
Accepted on October 11, 1974






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Copyright © 1975 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry.