Clinical Chemistry
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Clinical Chemistry 22: 847-850, 1976;
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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 22, 847-850, Copyright © 1976 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Analysis of results of toxicological examinations performed by coroners' or medical examiners' laboratories in 2000 drug-involved deaths in nine major U. S. cities

EC Dinovo, LA Gottschalk, FL McGuire, H Birch and JF Heiser

Data were collected on 2000 deaths in which psychoactive drugs were involved. The data were submitted by medical examiners or coroners in nine U. S. cities from their case files. The 2000 cases comprise a representative sample from each of these cities of deaths from psychoactive drugs between 1972 through 1974. This report details inter- city differences in methods and practices of the toxicological examination as well as the type and numbers of drugs reported. Even when the same analytical method was used in various cities, there were differences in extraction solvent and extraction pH. Of the 3909 drugs detected, 2945 were quantitated; the number of drugs quantitatively measured per case studied ranged from a low of 0.82 for New York to a high of 2.20 for Washington, D.C. The number of different drugs quantitatively measured varied from 16 for New York to 30 for San Francisco; however, New York qualitatively assayed for the presence of a total of 25 drugs. The number and type of drugs found per case varied. Methadone, for example, was found in 60% of the cases reported by New York and in 49% of the cases from Washington, D.C., but in only about 10% of cases reported by Philadelphia, Dallas, Miami, and San Francisco, and in less than 1% of Los Angeles and Cleveland cases; it was not reported by Chicago. Phenmetrazine-caused deaths were reported only by Dallas (one case) and Washington, D.C. (29 cases). From the data as a whole, information is presented for 33 drugs as to the concentration in physiological tissues and fluids. Analysis of single psychoactive drug cases and single-drug-plus-ethanol cases shows that, in the presence of ethanol, the toxic blood concentration of imipramine, amytriptyline, meprobamate, thioridazine, morphine, propoxyphene, methaqualone, and all barbiturates was decreased by an average of 50%.


The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:


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 Hum Exp ToxicolHome page
A Koski, E Vuori, and I Ojanpera
Relation of postmortem blood alcohol and drug concentrations in fatal poisonings involving amitriptyline, propoxyphene and promazine
Human and Experimental Toxicology, August 1, 2005; 24(8): 389 - 396.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Hum Exp ToxicolHome page
A.H. Stead and A.C. Moffat
A Collection of Therapeutic, Toxic and Fatal Blood Drug Concentrations in Man
Human and Experimental Toxicology, January 1, 1983; 2(3): 437 - 464.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Copyright © 1976 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry.