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Clinical Chemistry 30: 433-436, 1984;
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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 30, 433-436, Copyright © 1984 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Determination of sodium and potassium with ion-selective electrodes

N Fogh-Andersen, PD Wimberley, J Thode and O Siggaard-Andersen

We compared different sample-handling techniques for measurement of Na+ and K+ with ion-selective electrodes (ISE). Imprecision was less for venous blood (with a minimum of heparin) than for plasma, serum, or capillary blood. The results for K+ were higher for serum than for whole blood, and higher for whole blood than for plasma. The latter difference was apparently due to release of K+ during the analysis. Values were more stable for whole blood stored at 20 degrees C than at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C. The molality of Na+ in the plasma of mixed whole blood changed by -10.5 mmol/kg per unit change in blood pH. This could be explained by the different H+ buffering capacities of plasma and erythrocyte fluid, because when the pH is changed, the concentration of small anions in erythrocytes changes more than it does in plasma, with a consequent osmotic movement of water across the erythrocyte membrane. When we took into account the residual liquid- junction potential and the mass concentration of water in each of 65 patients' sera, the molality determined for Na+ was 1% lower and that of K+ 3% lower by ISE than by flame photometry--differences that may be related to ionic binding or to a lower molal activity coefficient in serum than in the calibrator.


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O. M. Sejersted and G. Sjogaard
Dynamics and Consequences of Potassium Shifts in Skeletal Muscle and Heart During Exercise
Physiol Rev, October 1, 2000; 80(4): 1411 - 1481.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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