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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 32, 1925-1929, Copyright © 1986 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry
Y Haroon, DS Bacon and JA Sadowski
This assay for phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in plasma requires a single liquid-chromatographic step. Much smaller volumes of plasma (0.5-1.0 mL) are required than in previous assays. Before liquid chromatography, we purified crude lipid extracts by conventional chromatography on silica, then extracted the lipid fraction by dissolving it in an acidic mixture of hexane/acetonitrile (1/4 by vol) containing 70 mmol of zinc chloride per liter. The vitamin K1 was selectively extracted into acetonitrile after being converted to vitamin K1 hydroquinone by addition of zinc metal. This procedure removes greater than 99% of contaminating lipids. We injected the lipid extract directly onto a reversed-phase column after re-converting the vitamin K1 hydroquinone to vitamin K1. Vitamin K1 was quantified by comparison with the internal standard (dihydro-vitamin K1) and detected fluorometrically after post-column "on-line" reduction to the hydroquinone with zinc metal. The lower limit of detection for vitamin K1 in the final reversed-phase system was about 0.05 microgram/L plasma; CVs for replicates were less than 10%. The mean concentration of vitamin K1 in plasma from 22 healthy fasting adults was 0.55 (range 0.09-2.12) micrograms/L.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  M. K. Azharuddin, D. St. J. O'Reilly, A. Gray, and D. Talwar HPLC Method for Plasma Vitamin K1: Effect of Plasma Triglyceride and Acute-Phase Response on Circulating Concentrations Clin. Chem., September 1, 2007; 53(9): 1706 - 1713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. Clarke, S. J. Mitchell, R. Wynn, S. Sundaram, V. Speed, E. Gardener, D. Roeves, and M. J. Shearer Vitamin K Prophylaxis for Preterm Infants: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3 Regimens Pediatrics, December 1, 2006; 118(6): e1657 - e1666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 K Murayama, H Nagasaka, K Tate, Y Ohsone, M Kanazawa, K Kobayashi, Y Kohno, and M Takayanagi Significant correlations between the flow volume of patent ductus venosus and early neonatal liver function: possible involvement of patent ductus venosus in postnatal liver function Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., May 1, 2006; 91(3): F175 - F179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. J Kalkwarf, J. C Khoury, J. Bean, and J. G Elliot Vitamin K, bone turnover, and bone mass in girls Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2004; 80(4): 1075 - 1080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. C Binkley, D. C Krueger, T. N Kawahara, J. A Engelke, R. J Chappell, and J. W Suttie A high phylloquinone intake is required to achieve maximal osteocalcin {gamma}-carboxylation Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2002; 76(5): 1055 - 1060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Kumar, F. R. Greer, D. M. Super, J. W. Suttie, and J. J. Moore Vitamin K Status of Premature Infants: Implications for Current Recommendations Pediatrics, November 1, 2001; 108(5): 1117 - 1122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. C Binkley, D. C Krueger, J. A Engelke, A. L Foley, and J. W Suttie Vitamin K supplementation reduces serum concentrations of under-{gamma}-carboxylated osteocalcin in healthy young and elderly adults Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2000; 72(6): 1523 - 1528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. M. Huber, K. W. Davidson, M. E. O'Brien-Morse, and J. A. Sadowski Tissue Phylloquinone and Menaquinones in Rats Are Affected by Age and Gender J. Nutr., May 1, 1999; 129(5): 1039 - 1044. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 C. Leray, M. D. Andriamampandry, M. Freund, C. Gachet, and J.-P. Cazenave Simultaneous determination of homologues of vitamin E and coenzyme Q and products of {alpha}-tocopherol oxidation J. Lipid Res., October 1, 1998; 39(10): 2099 - 2105. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. T. Davidson, A. L. Foley, J. A. Engelke, and J. W. Suttie Conversion of Dietary Phylloquinone to Tissue Menaquinone-4 in Rats is Not Dependent on Gut Bacteria1 J. Nutr., February 1, 1998; 128(2): 220 - 223. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. A. Cooper, D. A. Berry, V. A. Spendel, A. L. Kiorpes, and J. C. Peters The Domestic Pig as a Model for Evaluating Olestra's Nutritional Effects J. Nutr., August 1, 1997; 127(8): 1555 - 1555. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. G. Schlagheck, K. A. Riccardi, N. L. Zorich, S. A. Torri, L. D. Dugan, and J. C. Peters Olestra Dose Response on Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble Nutrients in Humans J. Nutr., August 1, 1997; 127(8): 1646 - 1646. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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F. R. Greer, S. P. Marshall, A. L. Foley, and J. W. Suttie Improving the Vitamin K Status of Breastfeeding Infants With Maternal Vitamin K Supplements Pediatrics, January 1, 1997; 99(1): 88 - 92. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. A. Roth, M. L. Whirl, L. J. Velazquez-Estades, C. T. Walsh, B. Furie, and B. C. Furie Mutagenesis of Vitamin K-dependent Carboxylase Demonstrates a Carboxyl Terminus-mediated Interaction with Vitamin K Hydroquinone J. Biol. Chem., March 10, 1995; 270(10): 5305 - 5311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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