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Clinical Chemistry 35: 2196-2201, 1989;
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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 35, 2196-2201, Copyright © 1989 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Automated DNA sequencing methods involving polymerase chain reaction

LJ McBride, SM Koepf, RA Gibbs, W Salser, PE Mayrand, MW Hunkapiller and MN Kronick
Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA 94404.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a method for preparing DNA templates has been used for several DNA sequencing applications. An in situ procedure for directly sequencing PCR products by the dideoxy- termination method has been developed by using fluorophore-labeled sequencing primers. Completed sequence reactions were combined and loaded into a single electrophoretic lane of a fluorescence-based DNA sequence analyzer. DNA targets devoid of a universal primer sequence could be sequenced with labeled universal primers by incorporating a universal primer sequence into the PCR product. With this method, the sequence of a 351-bp region in the bacteriophage lambda genome was fully analyzed in a single lane with automatic base identification accuracy of greater than 99%. An unknown sequence, 1.7 kb long, also was sequenced by this procedure, in combination with a "PCR gene walking" strategy. Comparison of the 1110 bases in overlapping sequence data from both strands yielded only two single-base ambiguities. Automated DNA sequence analysis of the highly polymorphic HLA-DQA-1 (alpha) region in the human genome can be performed with this simple methodology. Use of this PCR-sequencing method to analyze DNA extracted from a one-month-old blood sample from an individual who is heterozygous at this locus allowed unambiguous assignment of genotype.


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