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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 35, 308-310, Copyright © 1989 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry
LD Elving, JA Bakkeren, MJ Jansen, CM de Kat Angelino, E de Nobel and PJ van Munster
Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
The influence of storage on urinary albumin concentration was prospectively studied with use of overnight urine specimens (Albustix negative) from 73 diabetic patients. From each urine sample four aliquots were taken. One was stored at 4 degrees C and assayed within two weeks, the other three were stored at -20 degrees C and assayed within two weeks and after two and six months. Albumin concentration was measured with laser immunonephelometry. The detection limit, 1 mg/L, suffices for the screening of diabetic patients for microalbuminuria. After storage for two and six months at -20 degrees C, significantly lower albumin concentrations were found. The difference was mainly caused by lower concentrations found in urine samples in which a precipitate had formed, which was the case in 22 and 25 samples, respectively. Thus, freezing of urine samples for determination of low concentrations of albumin may yield falsely low results. Urine samples are best stored at 4 degrees C and assayed within two weeks.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  P. Saetun, T. Semangoen, and V. Thongboonkerd Characterizations of urinary sediments precipitated after freezing and their effects on urinary protein and chemical analyses Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2009; 296(6): F1346 - F1354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 W. G. Miller, D. E. Bruns, G. L. Hortin, S. Sandberg, K. M. Aakre, M. J. McQueen, Y. Itoh, J. C. Lieske, D. W. Seccombe, G. Jones, et al. Current Issues in Measurement and Reporting of Urinary Albumin Excretion Clin. Chem., January 1, 2009; 55(1): 24 - 38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. W. Brinkman, D. de Zeeuw, J. J. Duker, R. T. Gansevoort, I. P. Kema, H. L. Hillege, P. E. de Jong, and S. J.L. Bakker Falsely Low Urinary Albumin Concentrations after Prolonged Frozen Storage of Urine Samples Clin. Chem., November 1, 2005; 51(11): 2181 - 2183. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Roest, J. D. Banga, W. M. T. Janssen, D. E. Grobbee, J. J. Sixma, P. E. de Jong, D. de Zeeuw, and Y. T. van der Schouw Excessive Urinary Albumin Levels Are Associated With Future Cardiovascular Mortality in Postmenopausal Women Circulation, June 26, 2001; 103(25): 3057 - 3061. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. S. Klasen, L. J.M. Reichert, C. M. de Kat Angelino, and J. F.M. Wetzels Quantitative Determination of Low and High Molecular Weight Proteins in Human Urine: Influence of Temperature and Storage Time Clin. Chem., March 1, 1999; 45(3): 430 - 432. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. Reichert, R. Koene, and J. Wetzels Acute heamodynamic and proteinuric effects of prednisolone in patients with a nephrotic syndrome Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., January 1, 1999; 14(1): 91 - 97. [Abstract] [PDF]
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V. T. Innanen, B. M. Groom, and F. M. de Campos Microalbumin and Freezing Clin. Chem., June 1, 1997; 43(6): 1093 - 1094. [Full Text] [PDF]
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