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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 36, 1769-1773, Copyright © 1990 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry
CM Worthman, JF Stallings and LF Hofman
Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.
Measurement of steroids in saliva has excited interest because of the numerous potential clinical applications; noninvasive, convenient sampling; and apparently accurate reflection of the concentrations of physiologically active unbound steroid in the circulation. Although assays of saliva for several steroid hormones are available and widely used, assays for salivary estradiol are not, primarily because of methodological limitations. By modifying a commercially available kit for serum estradiol, our laboratory has developed a procedure that is sensitive, highly specific, and reliable for measuring salivary estradiol. Assay sensitivity is 0.5 fmol (0.14 pg; sample concentration 1.3 pmol/L) with a mean interassay CV of 10.8% at low concentrations. Clinical studies showed that values for serum and saliva are highly correlated (P less than 0.001), and demonstrated reliable detection of estradiol peaks during normal ovulatory cycles in serial samples from 15 women. Salivary estradiol peaked at 5.4 (SD 1.9) pmol/L on cycle day 14.4 (SD 3.2), 1.2 (SD 0.8) days before ovulation detected by ultrasound. This assay may be particularly helpful in investigating ovarian function and free estradiol in women at various stages of the reproductive cycle.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  N. Gavrilova and S. T. Lindau Salivary Sex Hormone Measurement in a National, Population-Based Study of Older Adults J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, November 1, 2009; 64B(suppl_1): i94 - i105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. Wood Salivary steroid assays - research or routine? Ann Clin Biochem, May 1, 2009; 46(3): 183 - 196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. B. Becker, A. P. Arnold, K. J. Berkley, J. D. Blaustein, L. A. Eckel, E. Hampson, J. P. Herman, S. Marts, W. Sadee, M. Steiner, et al. Strategies and Methods for Research on Sex Differences in Brain and Behavior Endocrinology, April 1, 2005; 146(4): 1650 - 1673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. E. Nelson, S. K. Grebe, D. J. O'Kane, and R. J. Singh Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for Simultaneous Measurement of Estradiol and Estrone in Human Plasma Clin. Chem., February 1, 2004; 50(2): 373 - 384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. B. Patisaul, M. Melby, P. L. Whitten, and L. J. Young Genistein Affects ER{beta}- But Not ER{alpha}-Dependent Gene Expression in the Hypothalamus Endocrinology, June 1, 2002; 143(6): 2189 - 2197. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. B. Patisaul, M. Dindo, P. L. Whitten, and L. J. Young Soy Isoflavone Supplements Antagonize Reproductive Behavior and Estrogen Receptor {{alpha}}- and {beta}-Dependent Gene Expression in the Brain Endocrinology, July 1, 2001; 142(7): 2946 - 2952. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. F. Hofman Human Saliva as a Diagnostic Specimen J. Nutr., May 1, 2001; 131(5): 1621S - 1625. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. Tamate, M. Charleton, J. P. Gosling, D. Egan, M. Ishikawa, P. F. Fottrell, and M. M. Kane Direct colorimetric monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay for estradiol-17{beta} in saliva Clin. Chem., July 1, 1997; 43(7): 1159 - 1164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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