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Clinical Chemistry 37: 1618-1625, 1991;
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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 37, 1618-1625, Copyright © 1991 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Prostate-specific antigen in serum occurs predominantly in complex with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin

H Lilja, A Christensson, U Dahlen, MT Matikainen, O Nilsson, K Pettersson and T Lovgren
Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Lund, Malmo General Hospital, Sweden.

Immunologic measurements of the serum concentration of prostate- specific antigen (PSA), an abundant prostatic-secreted serine proteinase, are frequently used to monitor patients with prostate cancer, though it has not been ascertained whether this immunoreactivity represents a PSA zymogen, the active proteinase, or PSA complexed to extracellular proteinase inhibitors. To characterize the PSA immunoreactivity in serum, we used monoclonal antibodies produced against PSA and a polyclonal rabbit IgG against alpha 1- antichymotrypsin in the design of three noncompetitive PSA assays: assay T, which detected PSA both when present as the active proteinase and when complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin; assay F, which recognized the active proteinase but most poorly detected PSA complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin; and assay C, which was specific for PSA complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. We used the three assays to measure PSA immunoreactivity in 64 patients' sera and in the effluent after gel chromatography of sera from four patients. This identified an 80- to 90-kDa complex between PSA and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin as the predominant fraction of the PSA immunoreactivity in blood plasma; an immunoreactive 25- to 40-kDa compound was the minor fraction.


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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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S. Michel, G. Deleage, J.-P. Charrier, J. Passagot, N. Battail-Poirot, G. Sibai, M. Jolivet, and C. Jolivet-Reynaud
Anti-Free Prostate-specific Antigen Monoclonal Antibody Epitopes Defined by Mimotopes and Molecular Modeling
Clin. Chem., May 1, 1999; 45(5): 638 - 650.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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H. Nagasaki, M. Watanabe, N. Komatsu, T. Kaneko, J. Y. Dube, T. Kajita, Y. Saitoh, and Y. Ohta
Epitope Analysis of a Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) C-Terminal-specific Monoclonal Antibody and New Aspects for the Discrepancy between Equimolar and Skewed PSA Assays
Clin. Chem., April 1, 1999; 45(4): 486 - 496.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M. H. Black, C. L. Grass, J. Leinonen, U.-H. Stenman, and E. P. Diamandis
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies for Prostate-specific Antigen and Development of Highly Sensitive Free Prostate-specific Antigen Assays
Clin. Chem., March 1, 1999; 45(3): 347 - 354.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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K. Jung, B. Brux, A. Knabich, M. Lein, P. Sinha, D. Schnorr, and S. A. Loening
A Gap Between Total Prostate-specific Antigen and the Sum of Free Prostate-specific Antigen Plus {alpha}1-Antichymotrypsin-Prostate-specific Antigen in Patients with Prostate Carcinoma but not in Those with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia
Clin. Chem., March 1, 1999; 45(3): 422 - 424.
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M. Gion, R. Mione, P. Barioli, M. Barichello, F. Zattoni, T. Prayer-Galetti, M. Plebani, G. Aimo, C. Terrone, F. Manferrari, et al.
Percent free prostate-specific antigen in assessing the probability of prostate cancer under optimal analytical conditions
Clin. Chem., December 1, 1998; 44(12): 2462 - 2470.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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W.-M. Zhang, P. Finne, J. Leinonen, S. Vesalainen, S. Nordling, S. Rannikko, and U.-H. Stenman
Characterization and immunological determination of the complex between prostate-specific antigen and {alpha}2-macroglobulin
Clin. Chem., December 1, 1998; 44(12): 2471 - 2479.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M. S. Saedi, T. M. Hill, K. Kuus-Reichel, A. Kumar, J. Payne, S. D. Mikolajczyk, R. L. Wolfert, and H. G. Rittenhouse
The precursor form of the human kallikrein 2, a kallikrein homologous to prostate-specific antigen, is present in human sera and is increased in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Clin. Chem., October 1, 1998; 44(10): 2115 - 2119.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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C. D. Cheli, M. Marcus, J. Levine, Z. Zhou, P. H. Anderson, D. D. Bankson, J. Bock, S. Bodin, C. Eisen, M. Senior, et al.
Variation in the Quantitation of Prostate-specific Antigen in Reference Material: Differences in Commercial Immunoassays,
Clin. Chem., July 1, 1998; 44(7): 1551 - 1553.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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W. J. Allard, Z. Zhou, and K. K. Yeung
Novel immunoassay for the measurement of complexed prostate-specific antigen in serum
Clin. Chem., June 1, 1998; 44(6): 1216 - 1223.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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W. J. Catalona, A. W. Partin, K. M. Slawin, M. K. Brawer, R. C. Flanigan, A. Patel, J. P. Richie, J. B. deKernion, P. C. Walsh, P. T. Scardino, et al.
Use of the Percentage of Free Prostate-Specific Antigen to Enhance Differentiation of Prostate Cancer From Benign Prostatic Disease: A Prospective Multicenter Clinical Trial
JAMA, May 20, 1998; 279(19): 1542 - 1547.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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C. Y. Cheung, D. J. Green, G. J. Litt, and J. A. Laugharn Jr.
High-pressure-mediated dissociation of immune complexes demonstrated in model systems
Clin. Chem., February 1, 1998; 44(2): 299 - 303.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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R. Junker, B. Brandt, C. Zechel, and G. Assmann
Comparison of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measured by four combinations of free PSA and total PSA assays
Clin. Chem., September 1, 1997; 43(9): 1588 - 1594.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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T. K. Takayama, K. Fujikawa, and E. W. Davie
Characterization of the Precursor of Prostate-specific Antigen. ACTIVATION BY TRYPSIN AND BY HUMAN GLANDULAR KALLIKREIN
J. Biol. Chem., August 22, 1997; 272(34): 21582 - 21588.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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W. J. Catalona, D. S. Smith, and D. K. Ornstein
Prostate Cancer Detection in Men With Serum PSA Concentrations of 2.6 to 4.0 ng/mL and Benign Prostate Examination: Enhancement of Specificity With Free PSA Measurements
JAMA, May 14, 1997; 277(18): 1452 - 1455.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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E. Corey, S. K. Wegner, M. J. Corey, and R. L. Vessella
Prostate-specific antigen: characterization of epitopes by synthetic peptide mapping and inhibition studies
Clin. Chem., April 1, 1997; 43(4): 575 - 584.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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Y. Qian, J. A. Sensibar, D. J. Zelner, A. J. Schaeffer, J. A. Finlay, H. G. Rittenhouse, and C. Lee
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis detects prostate-specific antigen–{alpha}1-antichymotrypsin complex in serum but not in prostatic fluid
Clin. Chem., February 1, 1997; 43(2): 352 - 359.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. E. Oesterling
Age-Specific Reference Ranges for Serum PSA
N. Engl. J. Med., August 1, 1996; 335(5): 345 - 346.
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W. J. Catalona, D. S. Smith, R. L. Wolfert, T. J. Wang, H. G. Rittenhouse, T. L. Ratliff, and R. B. Nadler
Evaluation of Percentage of Free Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen to Improve Specificity of Prostate Cancer Screening
JAMA, October 18, 1995; 274(15): 1214 - 1220.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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