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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 39, 2098-2103, Copyright © 1993 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry
J Leinonen, T Lovgren, T Vornanen and UH Stenman
Department I of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
We have developed a procedure for simultaneous immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and its complex with alpha 1- antichymotrypsin (ACT). A PSA-specific monoclonal antibody, which captures both free PSA and the PSA-ACT complex, was used as solid-phase antibody. Total PSA immunoreactivity was measured with a Eu(3+)-labeled PSA antibody that reacted with both free PSA and PSA-ACT. PSA-ACT was assayed simultaneously with a Sm(3+)-labeled polyclonal ACT antibody as a tracer. As standard we used pooled serum in which most of the PSA occurred as the PSA-ACT complex. The assay range was 0.03-500 micrograms/L for total PSA and 0.16-450 micrograms/L for PSA-ACT. In comparison with the assay for total PSA, assay of the PSA-ACT/PSA ratio improved the clinical specificity for cancer by reducing the number of false-positive results in prostatic hyperplasia.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  Y. Xu and Q. Li Multiple Fluorescent Labeling of Silica Nanoparticles with Lanthanide Chelates for Highly Sensitive Time-Resolved Immunofluorometric Assays Clin. Chem., August 1, 2007; 53(8): 1503 - 1510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Rej Clinical Chemistry through Clinical Chemistry: A Journal Timeline Clin. Chem., December 1, 2004; 50(12): 2415 - 2458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Wu, L. Zhu, U.-H. Stenman, and J. Leinonen Immunopeptidometric Assay for Enzymatically Active Prostate-Specific Antigen Clin. Chem., January 1, 2004; 50(1): 125 - 129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Zhu, J. Leinonen, W.-M. Zhang, P. Finne, and U.-H. Stenman Dual-Label Immunoassay for Simultaneous Measurement of Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA)-{alpha}1-Antichymotrypsin Complex Together with Free or Total PSA Clin. Chem., January 1, 2003; 49(1): 97 - 103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Leinonen, P. Wu, and U.-H. Stenman Epitope Mapping of Antibodies against Prostate-specific Antigen with Use of Peptide Libraries Clin. Chem., December 1, 2002; 48(12): 2208 - 2216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Martinez, F. Espana, M. Royo, J. M. Alapont, S. Navarro, A. Estelles, J. Aznar, C. D. Vera, and J. F. Jimenez-Cruz The Proportion of Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Complexed to {alpha}1-Antichymotrypsin Improves the Discrimination between Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Men with a Total PSA of 10 to 30 {micro}g/L Clin. Chem., August 1, 2002; 48(8): 1251 - 1256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Piironen, M. Nurmi, K. Irjala, O. Heinonen, H. Lilja, T. Lovgren, and K. Pettersson Measurement of Circulating Forms of Prostate-specific Antigen in Whole Blood Immediately after Venipuncture: Implications for Point-of-Care Testing Clin. Chem., April 1, 2001; 47(4): 703 - 711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. Stephan, K. Jung, M. Lein, P. Sinha, D. Schnorr, and S. A. Loening Molecular Forms of Prostate-specific Antigen and Human Kallikrein 2 as Promising Tools for Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2000; 9(11): 1133 - 1147. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. Jung, U. Elgeti, M. Lein, B. Brux, P. Sinha, B. Rudolph, S. Hauptmann, D. Schnorr, and S. A. Loening Ratio of Free or Complexed Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) to Total PSA: Which Ratio Improves Differentiation between Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer? Clin. Chem., January 1, 2000; 46(1): 55 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Virtanen, M. Gomari, and R. Kranse Estimation of Prostate Cancer Probability by Logistic Regression: Free and Total Prostate-specific Antigen, Digital Rectal Examination, and Heredity Are Significant Variables Clin. Chem., July 1, 1999; 45(7): 987 - 994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W.-M. Zhang, P. Finne, J. Leinonen, S. Vesalainen, S. Nordling, and U.-H. Stenman Measurement of the Complex between Prostate-specific Antigen and {alpha}1-Protease Inhibitor in Serum Clin. Chem., June 1, 1999; 45(6): 814 - 821. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Mannello, M. Malatesta, F. Luchetti, S. Papa, S. Battistelli, and G. Gazzanelli Immunoreactivity, Ultrastructural Localization, and Transcript Expression of Prostate-specific Antigen in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Lines Clin. Chem., January 1, 1999; 45(1): 78 - 84. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W.-M. Zhang, P. Finne, J. Leinonen, S. Vesalainen, S. Nordling, S. Rannikko, and U.-H. Stenman Characterization and immunological determination of the complex between prostate-specific antigen and {alpha}2-macroglobulin Clin. Chem., December 1, 1998; 44(12): 2471 - 2479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Barnard and F. Kohen Monitoring ovarian function by the simultaneous time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay of two urinary steroid metabolites Clin. Chem., July 1, 1998; 44(7): 1520 - 1528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. J. Allard, Z. Zhou, and K. K. Yeung Novel immunoassay for the measurement of complexed prostate-specific antigen in serum Clin. Chem., June 1, 1998; 44(6): 1216 - 1223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. T. Kreutz and M. R. Suresh Novel bispecific immunoprobe for rapid and sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen Clin. Chem., April 1, 1997; 43(4): 649 - 656. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 W. J. Catalona, D. S. Smith, R. L. Wolfert, T. J. Wang, H. G. Rittenhouse, T. L. Ratliff, and R. B. Nadler Evaluation of Percentage of Free Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen to Improve Specificity of Prostate Cancer Screening JAMA, October 18, 1995; 274(15): 1214 - 1220. [Abstract] [PDF]
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