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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 39, 2108-2114, Copyright © 1993 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry
H Yu and EP Diamandis
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
We developed an ultrasensitive method for measuring prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum. The assay includes a capture monoclonal anti- PSA antibody coated to microtiter wells, a biotinylated rabbit polyclonal detection antibody, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-labeled streptavidin. The activity of ALP is measured with the substrate diflunisal phosphate; the released diflunisal forms highly fluorescent complexes with Tb(3+)-EDTA that are quantified with microsecond time- resolved fluorometry. The assay is precise and accurate and correlates well with the established Hybritech Tandem-PSA kit. Its distinguishing feature is extreme sensitivity (lowest limit of detection is 0.002 micrograms/L or 2 x 10(6) PSA molecules per assay). This is the most sensitive PSA assay reported thus far; we used it to quantify PSA in patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy. Many patients had < 0.01 micrograms/L PSA in their serum. This method could have important clinical applications in postsurgical early detection of relapse or residual prostate cancer, as recently suggested in the literature (Clin Chem 1992;38:1930-2).
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  C. V. Obiezu, S. J.C. Shan, A. Soosaipillai, L.-Y. Luo, L. Grass, G. Sotiropoulou, C. D. Petraki, P. A. Papanastasiou, M. A. Levesque, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 4: Quantitative Study in Tissues and Evidence for Its Secretion into Biological Fluids Clin. Chem., August 1, 2005; 51(8): 1432 - 1442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Baumgart, A. Otto, A. Schafer, E. Usbeck, C. Cott, A. Schott, M. Tornack, A. Wenzel, A. Mossie, and G. Birkenmeier Characterization of Novel Monoclonal Antibodies for Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) with Potency to Recognize PSA Bound to {alpha}2-Macroglobulin Clin. Chem., January 1, 2005; 51(1): 84 - 92. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Kishi, A. Soosaipillai, L. Grass, S. P. Little, E. M. Johnstone, and E. P. Diamandis Development of an Immunofluorometric Assay and Quantification of Human Kallikrein 7 in Tissue Extracts and Biological Fluids Clin. Chem., April 1, 2004; 50(4): 709 - 716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. A. Borgono, L. Grass, A. Soosaipillai, G. M. Yousef, C. D. Petraki, D. H. C. Howarth, S. Fracchioli, D. Katsaros, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 14: A New Potential Biomarker for Ovarian and Breast Cancer Cancer Res., December 15, 2003; 63(24): 9032 - 9041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. M. Yousef, M.-E. Polymeris, L. Grass, A. Soosaipillai, P.-C. Chan, A. Scorilas, C. Borgono, N. Harbeck, B. Schmalfeldt, J. Dorn, et al. Human Kallikrein 5: A Potential Novel Serum Biomarker for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Cancer Res., July 15, 2003; 63(14): 3958 - 3965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Kishi, L. Grass, A. Soosaipillai, A. Scorilas, N. Harbeck, B. Schmalfeldt, J. Dorn, M. Mysliwiec, M. Schmitt, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 8, a Novel Biomarker for Ovarian Carcinoma Cancer Res., June 1, 2003; 63(11): 2771 - 2774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Hutchinson, L.-Y. Luo, G. M. Yousef, A. Soosaipillai, and E. P. Diamandis Purification of Human Kallikrein 6 from Biological Fluids and Identification of its Complex with {alpha}1-Antichymotrypsin Clin. Chem., May 1, 2003; 49(5): 746 - 751. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Kishi, L. Grass, A. Soosaipillai, C. Shimizu-Okabe, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 8: Immunoassay Development and Identification in Tissue Extracts and Biological Fluids Clin. Chem., January 1, 2003; 49(1): 87 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. V. Obiezu, A. Soosaipillai, K. Jung, C. Stephan, A. Scorilas, D. H. C. Howarth, and E. P. Diamandis Detection of Human Kallikrein 4 in Healthy and Cancerous Prostatic Tissues by Immunofluorometry and Immunohistochemistry Clin. Chem., August 1, 2002; 48(8): 1232 - 1240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. R. Grzeda, T. Le Bui, C. N. Warner, T. L. Pirucki, L. M. Dewey, M. Babich, and J. A. Maggiore Measurement of Prostate-specific Antigen by Use of a Novel Blood Collection and Analytical System Clin. Chem., August 1, 2002; 48(8): 1272 - 1278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Bulmer, G. Ward, E. Diamandis, D. Nicol, and J. Clements Prostaglandin D Synthase Does Not Produce Prostate-specific Antigen Cross-Reactivity in Renal Cell Carcinoma Clin. Chem., March 1, 2001; 47(3): 607 - 608. [Full Text] [PDF]
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L.-Y. Luo, L. Grass, D. J.C. Howarth, P. Thibault, H. Ong, and E. P. Diamandis Immunofluorometric Assay of Human Kallikrein 10 and Its Identification in Biological Fluids and Tissues Clin. Chem., February 1, 2001; 47(2): 237 - 246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 N. L. Simone, A. T. Remaley, L. Charboneau, E. F. Petricoin III, J. W. Glickman, M. R. Emmert-Buck, T. A. Fleisher, and L. A. Liotta Sensitive Immunoassay of Tissue Cell Proteins Procured by Laser Capture Microdissection Am. J. Pathol., February 1, 2000; 156(2): 445 - 452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. H.L. Chiu and T. K. Christopoulos Two-Site Expression Immunoassay Using a Firefly Luciferase-coding DNA Label Clin. Chem., November 1, 1999; 45(11): 1954 - 1959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. H. Black, C. L. Grass, J. Leinonen, U.-H. Stenman, and E. P. Diamandis Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies for Prostate-specific Antigen and Development of Highly Sensitive Free Prostate-specific Antigen Assays Clin. Chem., March 1, 1999; 45(3): 347 - 354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. Lopez-Otin and E. P. Diamandis Breast and Prostate Cancer: An Analysis of Common Epidemiological, Genetic, and Biochemical Features Endocr. Rev., August 1, 1998; 19(4): 365 - 396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S.-F. Chen, Y. Xu, and M. P.-C. Ip Electrochemical Enzyme Immunoassay for Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen at Low Concentrations Clin. Chem., August 1, 1997; 43(8): 1459 - 1461. [Full Text]
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F. T. Kreutz and M. R. Suresh Novel bispecific immunoprobe for rapid and sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen Clin. Chem., April 1, 1997; 43(4): 649 - 656. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. Yu, E. P. Diamandis, M. Monne, and C. M. Croce Oral Contraceptive-induced Expression of Prostate-specific Antigen in the Female Breast J. Biol. Chem., March 24, 1995; 270(12): 6615 - 6618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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