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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 39, 2115-2120, Copyright © 1993 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry
JO Jeppsson, H Kristensson and C Fimiani
Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden.
We developed a new fully automated ion-exchange chromatographic method for quantitating carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) on a Mono Q column. Quantitation relies on the selective absorbance of the iron- transferrin complex at 460 nm. Transferrin isoforms deficient in sialic acid, with pIs 5.7 and 5.9, can easily be separated and quantitated as a percentage of the total transferrin. This method has been applied to samples from teetotalers, occasional drinkers, patients with recent heavy alcohol consumption, and patients during detoxification. The sensitivity of the method was 55% in patients reporting 40-70 g daily ethanol consumption and nearly 100% in heavily intoxicated patients (70- 500 g daily consumption). The half-life of the dominating pI 5.7 isoform in this group was 9.5 (+/- 1) days during detoxification. A CDT value > 0.8% is a highly specific marker for alcohol abuse and is greatly superior to other currently available biological markers.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  J. P. Bergstrom and A. Helander Clinical Characteristics of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (%Disialotransferrin) Measured by HPLC: Sensitivity, Specificity, Gender Effects, and Relationship with other Alcohol Biomarkers Alcohol Alcohol., July 1, 2008; 43(4): 436 - 441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. R. Delanghe, A. Helander, J. P.M. Wielders, J. M. Pekelharing, H. J. Roth, F. Schellenberg, C. Born, E. Yagmur, W. Gentzer, and H. Althaus Development and Multicenter Evaluation of the N Latex CDT Direct Immunonephelometric Assay for Serum Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin Clin. Chem., June 1, 2007; 53(6): 1115 - 1121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Bortolotti, G. De Paoli, J. P. Pascali, M. T. Trevisan, M. Floreani, and F. Tagliaro Analysis of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin: Comparative Evaluation of Turbidimetric Immunoassay, Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, and HPLC Clin. Chem., December 1, 2005; 51(12): 2368 - 2371. [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Helander, J. P.M. Wielders, R. te Stroet, and J. P. Bergstrom Comparison of HPLC and Capillary Electrophoresis for Confirmatory Testing of the Alcohol Misuse Marker Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin Clin. Chem., August 1, 2005; 51(8): 1528 - 1531. [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. NYBLOM, U. BERGGREN, J. BALLDIN, and R. OLSSON HIGH AST/ALT RATIO MAY INDICATE ADVANCED ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE RATHER THAN HEAVY DRINKING Alcohol Alcohol., July 1, 2004; 39(4): 336 - 339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Helander, A. Husa, and J.-O. Jeppsson Improved HPLC Method for Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin in Serum Clin. Chem., November 1, 2003; 49(11): 1881 - 1890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. J. Legros, V. Nuyens, M. Baudoux, K. Zouaoui Boudjeltia, J.-L. Ruelle, J. Colicis, F. Cantraine, and J.-P. Henry Use of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for Differentiating Excessive from Moderate Alcohol Consumption Clin. Chem., March 1, 2003; 49(3): 440 - 449. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. Flahaut, J.C. Michalski, T. Danel, M.H. Humbert, and A. Klein The effects of ethanol on the glycosylation of human transferrin Glycobiology, March 1, 2003; 13(3): 191 - 198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. J. Legros, V. Nuyens, E. Minet, P. Emonts, K. Z. Boudjeltia, A. Courbe, J.-L. Ruelle, J. Colicis, F. de L'Escaille, and J.-P. Henry Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin Isoforms Measured by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for Detection of Alcohol Abuse Clin. Chem., December 1, 2002; 48(12): 2177 - 2186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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U. Turpeinen, T. Methuen, H. Alfthan, K. Laitinen, M. Salaspuro, and U.-H. Stenman Comparison of HPLC and Small Column (CDTect) Methods for Disialotransferrin Clin. Chem., October 1, 2001; 47(10): 1782 - 1787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Helander, M. Fors, and B. Zakrisson STUDY OF AXIS-SHIELD NEW %CDT IMMUNOASSAY FOR QUANTIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATE-DEFICIENT TRANSFERRIN (CDT) IN SERUM Alcohol Alcohol., September 1, 2001; 36(5): 406 - 412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Helander, G. Eriksson, H. Stibler, and J.-O. Jeppsson Interference of Transferrin Isoform Types with Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin Quantification in the Identification of Alcohol Abuse Clin. Chem., July 1, 2001; 47(7): 1225 - 1233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Wuyts, J. R. Delanghe, I. Kasvosve, A. Wauters, H. Neels, and J. Janssens Determination of Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Clin. Chem., February 1, 2001; 47(2): 247 - 255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Arndt Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin as a Marker of Chronic Alcohol Abuse: A Critical Review of Preanalysis, Analysis, and Interpretation Clin. Chem., January 1, 2001; 47(1): 13 - 27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Dibbelt Does Trisialo-Transferrin Provide Valuable Information for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Chronically Increased Alcohol Consumption by Determination of Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin? Clin. Chem., August 1, 2000; 46(8): 1203 - 1205. [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Hackler, T. Arndt, A. Helwig-Rolig, J. Kropf, A. Steinmetz, and J. R. Schaefer Investigation by Isoelectric Focusing of the Initial Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin (CDT) and non-CDT Transferrin Isoform Fractionation Step Involved in Determination of CDT by the ChronAlcoI.D. Assay Clin. Chem., April 1, 2000; 46(4): 483 - 492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Helander Absolute or Relative Measurement of Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin in Serum? Experiences with Three Immunological Assays Clin. Chem., January 1, 1999; 45(1): 131 - 135. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. B. Whitfield, L. M. Fletcher, T. L. Murphy, L. W. Powell, J. Halliday, A. C. Heath, and N. G. Martin Smoking, obesity, and hypertension alter the dose–response curve and test sensitivity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of alcohol intake Clin. Chem., December 1, 1998; 44(12): 2480 - 2489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Viitala, K. Lahdesmaki, and O. Niemela Comparison of the Axis %CDT TIA and the CDTect method as laboratory tests of alcohol abuse Clin. Chem., June 1, 1998; 44(6): 1209 - 1215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Arndt, R. Hackler, T. O. Kleine, and A. M. Gressner Validation by isoelectric focusing of the anion-exchange isotransferrin fractionation step involved in determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by the CDTect assay Clin. Chem., January 1, 1998; 44(1): 27 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Bean, K. Liegmann, T. Lovli, C. Westby, and E. Sundrehagen Semiautomated procedures for evaluation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in the diagnosis of alcohol abuse Clin. Chem., June 1, 1997; 43(6): 983 - 989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Renner and R.-D. Kanitz Quantification of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by ion-exchange chromatography with an enzymatically prepared calibrator Clin. Chem., March 1, 1997; 43(3): 485 - 490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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