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Clinical Chemistry 39: 670-675, 1993;
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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 39, 670-675, Copyright © 1993 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Measurement of heroin and its metabolites by isotope-dilution electron- impact mass spectrometry

BA Goldberger, WD Darwin, TM Grant, AC Allen, YH Caplan and EJ Cone
Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224.

A solid-phase extraction procedure was developed for the isolation of heroin, 6-acetylmorphine, and morphine from blood, plasma, saliva, and urine with subsequent assay by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Aprotic solvents, mild elution conditions, and an enzyme inhibitor were used to ensure maximum analyte stability. Samples were extracted and the extract was divided into two equal portions. One portion was assayed directly for heroin; detector response was linear over a concentration range of 1.0 to 250 micrograms/L. The second part of the extract was reacted with N-methyl-bis-trifluoroacetamide and assayed for the trifluoroacetyl derivatives of 6-acetylmorphine and morphine; detector response was linear over a concentration range of 1.0 to 500 micrograms/L. The limit of sensitivity was 1.0 microgram/L for each analyte. Hydrolysis of heroin to 6-acetylmorphine during extraction and analysis was < 5%. The method can be used to corroborate heroin use and to study the pharmacological effects of heroin and its metabolites.


The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:


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G. Ceder and A. W. Jones
Concentration Ratios of Morphine to Codeine in Blood of Impaired Drivers as Evidence of Heroin Use and not Medication with Codeine
Clin. Chem., November 1, 2001; 47(11): 1980 - 1984.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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P. Kintz, R. Brenneisen, P. Bundeli, and P. Mangin
Sweat testing for heroin and metabolites in a heroin maintenance program
Clin. Chem., May 1, 1997; 43(5): 736 - 739.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Copyright © 1993 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry.