Clinical Chemistry
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Clinical Chemistry 40: 303-308, 1994;
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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 40, 303-308, Copyright © 1994 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Brain mechanisms in manic depression

BJ Carroll
Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.

Manic depressive illness (bipolar disorder) is the mood disorder classically considered to have a strong biological basis. During manic depressive cycles, patients show dramatic fluctuations of mood, energy, activity, information processing, and behaviors. Theories of brain function and mood disorders must deal with the case of bipolar disorder, not simply unipolar depression. Shifts in the nosologic concepts of how manic depression is related to other mood disorders are discussed in this overview, and the renewed adoption of the Kraepelinian "spectrum" concept is recommended. The variable clinical presentations of manic depressive illness are emphasized. New genetic mechanisms that must be considered as candidate factors in relation to this phenotypic heterogeneity are discussed. Finally, the correlation of clinical symptom clusters with brain systems is considered in the context of a three-component model of manic depression.


The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:


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 Br. J. PsychiatryHome page
F.C. MURPHY and B.J. SAHAKIAN
Neuropsychology of bipolar disorder
The British Journal of Psychiatry, June 1, 2001; 178 (41): s120 - s127.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
F. Cassidy, K. Forest, E. Murry, and B. J. Carroll
A Factor Analysis of the Signs and Symptoms of Mania
Arch Gen Psychiatry, January 1, 1998; 55(1): 27 - 32.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Copyright © 1994 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry.