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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 41, 1888-1895, Copyright © 1995 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry
C Sonnenschein, AM Soto, MF Fernandez, N Olea, MF Olea-Serrano and MD Ruiz-Lopez
Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
The deleterious, disruptive effects of estrogen mimics on the endocrine system were discovered after the compounds were released into the environment. Their chemical structure does not obviously resemble that of steroid hormones; hence, their estrogenic effects were totally unexpected. In addition to occupational exposures, environmental estrogens may have played a role in decreasing the quantity and quality of human semen during the last 50 years and in increasing the incidences of testicular cancer and cryptorchidism in men and breast cancer in women and men in industrialized countries. Testing the environmental estrogen hypothesis will require developing appropriate biomarkers of exposure and measuring these biomarkers at developmental points where exposure is critical. We report the ongoing development of a method to extract and separate xenoestrogens from ovarian estrogens with human serum as a source, followed by determination of xenoestrogen concentration by a bioassay. We also critically assess bioassays currently available to measure the cumulative effect of xenoestrogens, e.g., (a) the E-SCREEN assay, which measures the proliferative effect of estrogens on their target cells, and (b) the induction by estrogens of specific gene products, such as progesterone receptor and pS2.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  H. R. Andersen, F. Nielsen, J. B. Nielsen, M. B. Kjaerstad, J. Baelum, and P. Grandjean Xeno-oestrogenic activity in serum as marker of occupational pesticide exposure Occup. Environ. Med., October 1, 2007; 64(10): 708 - 714. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Long, A. Stronati, D. Bizzaro, T. Kruger, G.-C. Manicardi, P. S Hjelmborg, M. Spano, A. Giwercman, G. Toft, J. P. Bonde, et al. Relation between serum xenobiotic-induced receptor activities and sperm DNA damage and sperm apoptotic markers in European and Inuit populations Reproduction, February 1, 2007; 133(2): 517 - 530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Y. Kim, Y. C. Kim, and M. H. Cho Combined treatment with 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and dibutyl phthalate enhances ozone-induced genotoxicity in B6C3F1 mice Mutagenesis, July 1, 2002; 17(4): 331 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J L Burton and M Wells The effect of phytoestrogens on the female genital tract J. Clin. Pathol., June 1, 2002; 55(6): 401 - 407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E. K. Balcer-Kubiczek, G. H. Harrison, J.-F. Xu, and P. L. Gutierrez Coordinate Late Expression of Trefoil Peptide Genes (pS2/TFF1 and ITF/TFF3) in Human Breast, Colon, and Gastric Tumor Cells Exposed to X-Rays Mol. Cancer Ther., April 1, 2002; 1(6): 405 - 415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 F. Olea-Serrano, P. Lardelli-Claret, A. Rivas, A. Barba-Navarro, and N. Olea Inadvertent exposure to xenoestrogens in children Toxicology and Industrial Health, February 1, 1999; 15(1-2): 152 - 159. [Abstract] [PDF]
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