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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 41, 1115-1120, Copyright © 1995 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry
K Mitrunen, K Pettersson, T Piironen, T Bjork, H Lilja and T Lovgren
Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Finland.
We developed a simple one-step dual-label immunoassay for simultaneous measurement of the free, noncomplexed form of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and total PSA. The assay is based on time-resolved fluorescence and includes a stable fluorescent chelate of Eu to label a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that detects only free PSA, whereas a second mAb labeled with a fluorescent chelate of Tb provides equimolar detection of both free PSA and PSA complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. A third mAb on a solid phase captures the free and complexed forms of PSA in an equimolar fashion. The simultaneous measurement of the free-to-total PSA ratio (F/T) with the one-step dual assay is not sensitive to variations in the sample volume. The discrimination between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer patients, i.e., the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, increased from 0.64 (total PSA assay) to 0.78 and 0.81 when the F/T ratio was measured with single and dual assays, respectively.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  D. A. Brown, F. Lindmark, P. Stattin, K. Balter, H.-O. Adami, S. L. Zheng, J. Xu, W. B. Isaacs, H. Gronberg, S. N. Breit, et al. Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine 1: A New Prognostic Marker in Prostate Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., November 1, 2009; 15(21): 6658 - 6664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. Zhang, S. Altuwaijri, F. Deng, L. Chen, P. Lal, U. K. Bhanot, R. Korets, S. Wenske, H. G. Lilja, C. Chang, et al. NF-{kappa}B Regulates Androgen Receptor Expression and Prostate Cancer Growth Am. J. Pathol., August 1, 2009; 175(2): 489 - 499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. Bruun, C. Savage, A. M. Cronin, J. Hugosson, H. Lilja, and A. Christensson Increase in percent free prostate-specific antigen in men with chronic kidney disease Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., April 1, 2009; 24(4): 1238 - 1241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. Ulmert, A. M. Serio, M. F. O'Brien, C. Becker, J. A. Eastham, P. T. Scardino, T. Bjork, G. Berglund, A. J. Vickers, and H. Lilja Long-Term Prediction of Prostate Cancer: Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Velocity Is Predictive but Does Not Improve the Predictive Accuracy of a Single PSA Measurement 15 Years or More Before Cancer Diagnosis in a Large, Representative, Unscreened Population J. Clin. Oncol., February 20, 2008; 26(6): 835 - 841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Lilja, D. Ulmert, T. Bjork, C. Becker, A. M. Serio, J.-A. Nilsson, P.-A. Abrahamsson, A. J. Vickers, and G. Berglund Long-Term Prediction of Prostate Cancer Up to 25 Years Before Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Using Prostate Kallikreins Measured at Age 44 to 50 Years J. Clin. Oncol., February 1, 2007; 25(4): 431 - 436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. Steuber, A. J. Vickers, A. M. Serio, V. Vaisanen, A. Haese, K. Pettersson, J. A. Eastham, P. T. Scardino, H. Huland, and H. Lilja Comparison of Free and Total Forms of Serum Human Kallikrein 2 and Prostate-Specific Antigen for Prediction of Locally Advanced and Recurrent Prostate Cancer Clin. Chem., February 1, 2007; 53(2): 233 - 240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 K B Lundin, Y L Giwercman, L Rylander, L Hagmar, and A Giwercman Androgen receptor gene GGN repeat length and reproductive characteristics in young Swedish men. Eur. J. Endocrinol., August 1, 2006; 155(2): 347 - 354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Ulmert, C. Becker, J.-A. Nilsson, T. Piironen, T. Bjork, J. Hugosson, G. Berglund, and H. Lilja Reproducibility and Accuracy of Measurements of Free and Total Prostate-Specific Antigen in Serum vs Plasma after Long-Term Storage at -20 {degrees}C Clin. Chem., February 1, 2006; 52(2): 235 - 239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Piironen, B. Laursen, J. Pass, K. List, H. Gardsvoll, M. Ploug, K. Dano, and G. Hoyer-Hansen Specific Immunoassays for Detection of Intact and Cleaved Forms of the Urokinase Receptor Clin. Chem., November 1, 2004; 50(11): 2059 - 2068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Ricny, L. Simkova, and A. Vincent Determination of Anti-Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies in Myasthenic Patients by Use of Time-resolved Fluorescence Clin. Chem., March 1, 2002; 48(3): 549 - 554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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U.-H. Stenman Immunoassay Standardization: Is It Possible, Who Is Responsible, Who Is Capable? Clin. Chem., May 1, 2001; 47(5): 815 - 820. [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Eriksson, M. Vehniainen, T. Jansen, V. Meretoja, P. Saviranta, K. Pettersson, and T. Lovgren Dual-Label Time-resolved Immunofluorometric Assay of Free and Total Prostate-specific Antigen Based on Recombinant Fab Fragments Clin. Chem., May 1, 2000; 46(5): 658 - 666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Becker, T. Piironen, J. Kiviniemi, H. Lilja, and K. Pettersson Sensitive and Specific Immunodetection of Human Glandular Kallikrein 2 in Serum Clin. Chem., February 1, 2000; 46(2): 198 - 206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Lovgren, P. Heinonen, P. Lehtinen, H. Hakala, J. Heinola, R. Harju, H. Takalo, V.-M. Mukkala, R. Schmid, H. Lonnberg, et al. Sensitive bioaffinity assays with individual microparticles and time-resolved fluorometry Clin. Chem., October 1, 1997; 43(10): 1937 - 1943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Qian, J. A. Sensibar, D. J. Zelner, A. J. Schaeffer, J. A. Finlay, H. G. Rittenhouse, and C. Lee Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis detects prostate-specific antigen–{alpha}1-antichymotrypsin complex in serum but not in prostatic fluid Clin. Chem., February 1, 1997; 43(2): 352 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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