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Clinical Chemistry, Vol 42, 1589-1600, Copyright © 1996 by American Association for Clinical Chemistry
MR Langlois and JR Delanghe
Central Laboratory, University Hospital Gent, Belgium.
Haptoglobin is a hemoglobin-binding protein expressed by a genetic polymorphism as three major phenotypes: 1-1, 2-1, and 2-2. Most attention has been paid to determining haptoglobin phenotype as a genetic fingerprint used in forensic medicine. More recently, several functional differences between haptoglobin phenotypes have been demonstrated that appear to have important biological and clinical consequences. Haptoglobin polymorphism is associated with the prevalence and clinical evolution of many inflammatory diseases, including infections, atherosclerosis, and autoimmune disorders. These effects are explained by a phenotype-dependent modulation of oxidative stress and prostaglandin synthesis. Recent evidence is growing that haptoglobin is involved in the immune response as well. The strong genetic pressure favoring the 2-2 phenotype suggests an important role of haptoglobin in human pathology.
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