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Measurement of strontium in serum, urine, bone, and soft tissues by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry

Department of Nephrology–Hypertension, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
¹ Department of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Catholic Polytechnic Institute Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
^a Address correspondence to this author at: University of Antwerp, Department of Nephrology–Hypertension, p/a University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijkstr. 10, B-2650 Edegem/Antwerpen, Belgium. Fax +32/3/829-0100; e-mail debroe{at}uia.ua.ac.be

To study the possible accumulation of Sr in chronic renal failure patients, methods were developed for the determination of the element in serum, urine, bone, and soft tissues by using Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry. Serum samples were diluted 1:4 with a Triton X-100–HNO₃ mixture, whereas urine samples were diluted 1:20 with HNO₃. Bone samples were digested with concentrated HNO₃ in stoppered polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon^®) tubes, whereas soft tissues were dissolved in a tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution in water. For serum and urine we used matrix-matched calibration curves, whereas bone and tissue samples were measured against aqueous calibrators. Atomization was performed from the wall of pyrolytically coated graphite tubes for all of the matrices under study. Both inter- and intraassay CVs were <6% (n = 12, n = 10, respectively), and the recovery of added analyte was close to 100% for all of the biological matrices under study. Detection limits were 1.2 µg/L (serum), 0.3 µg/L (urine), 0.4 µg/g (bone), and 2.2 ng/g (soft tissues), whereas the sensitivity determined by the slope of the calibration curve, i.e., the amount of Sr producing a 0.0044 integrated absorbance change in signal, was 2.4 pg, 2.4 pg, 3.9 pg, and 2.6 pg for these matrices respectively. We conclude that the present methods are precise and accurate and easily applicable for both routine use and research investigations. They will allow us to study the metabolism of the element in chronic renal failure patients and shed some light on the association that was recently noted between increased bone Sr concentrations and the development of osteomalacia in these individuals.

Key Words: indexing terms: dialysis • chronic renal failure • renal osteodystrophy • osteomalacia

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