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Articles |
Departments of
1
Pathology and
2
Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405.
a Address for correspondence: Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Colchester Research Facility, 55A South Park Dr., Colchester, VT 05446. Fax 802-656-8965; e-mail rtracy{at}moose.uvm.edu
We developed a reproducible ELISA for C-reactive protein (CRP),
calibrated with WHO Reference Material, for which intra- and interassay
CVs were 3.0% and 6.0%, respectively. Analytical recovery was 97.9%.
The distribution of CRP in a healthy blood donor population (n =
143) was nongaussian, with 2.5th, 50th, and 97.5th percentile values of
0.08, 0.64, and 3.11 mg/L, respectively. There was no sex-related
difference, and the association with age was weak. In a study of
variability [by the method of Fraser and Harris (Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci
1989;27:409–37)], the analytical variability was 5.2%;
the within-subject variability, CVI, was 42.2%; and the
between-subject variability, CVG, was 92.5%. The critical
difference for sequential values significant at P 
0.05
(i.e., the smallest percentage change unlikely to be due to analytical
variability or CVI) was calculated as 118%, and the index
of individuality, CVI/CVG, was 0.46. This
suggests that CRP, like many clinical chemistry analytes, has limited
usefulness in detecting early disease-associated changes when used in
conjunction with a healthy reference interval. From a molecular
epidemiological standpoint, the usefulness of CRP in longitudinal
studies is suggested by the small index of individuality and by
observations that (a) short-term fluctuations were
infrequent, (b) all data stayed within the reference
interval, and (c) relative rankings of the subjects over 6
months only moderately deteriorated.
Key Words: indexing terms: inflammation • cardiovascular disease • variation, source of • index of individuality • critical difference • molecular epidemiology
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K. S Kornman Interleukin 1 genetics, inflammatory mechanisms, and nutrigenetic opportunities to modulate diseases of aging Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 475S - 483S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S Yende, G W Waterer, E A Tolley, A B Newman, D C Bauer, D R Taaffe, R Jensen, R Crapo, S Rubin, M Nevitt, et al. Inflammatory markers are associated with ventilatory limitation and muscle dysfunction in obstructive lung disease in well functioning elderly subjects Thorax, January 1, 2006; 61(1): 10 - 16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Cushman, A. M. Arnold, B. M. Psaty, T. A. Manolio, L. H. Kuller, G. L. Burke, J. F. Polak, and R. P. Tracy C-Reactive Protein and the 10-Year Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease in Older Men and Women: The Cardiovascular Health Study Circulation, July 5, 2005; 112(1): 25 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Moran, L. M. Steffen, D. R. Jacobs Jr., J. Steinberger, J. S. Pankow, C.-P. Hong, R. P. Tracy, and A. R. Sinaiko Relation of C-Reactive Protein to Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Youth Diabetes Care, July 1, 2005; 28(7): 1763 - 1768. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. S. Markus, B. Hunt, K. Palmer, C. Enzinger, H. Schmidt, and R. Schmidt Markers of Endothelial and Hemostatic Activation and Progression of Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities: Longitudinal Results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study Stroke, July 1, 2005; 36(7): 1410 - 1414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. M. Okin, M. J. Roman, L. G. Best, E. T. Lee, J. M. Galloway, B. V. Howard, and R. B. Devereux C-Reactive Protein and Electrocardiographic ST-Segment Depression Additively Predict Mortality: The Strong Heart Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 7, 2005; 45(11): 1787 - 1793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Desvarieux, R. T. Demmer, T. Rundek, B. Boden-Albala, D. R. Jacobs Jr, R. L. Sacco, and P. N. Papapanou Periodontal Microbiota and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: The Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST) Circulation, February 8, 2005; 111(5): 576 - 582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Bogaty, J. M. Brophy, L. Boyer, S. Simard, L. Joseph, F. Bertrand, and G. R. Dagenais Fluctuating Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease Arch Intern Med, January 24, 2005; 165(2): 221 - 226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Iribarren, M. D. Gross, J. A. Darbinian, D. R. Jacobs Jr, S. Sidney, and C. M. Loria Association of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Mass and Activity With Calcified Coronary Plaque in Young Adults: The CARDIA Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2005; 25(1): 216 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Gross, M. Steffes, D. R. Jacobs Jr, X. Yu, L. Lewis, C. E. Lewis, and C. M. Loria Plasma F2-Isoprostanes and Coronary Artery Calcification: The CARDIA Study Clin. Chem., January 1, 2005; 51(1): 125 - 131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. L. Myers, N. Rifai, R. P. Tracy, W. L. Roberts, R. W. Alexander, L. M. Biasucci, J. D. Catravas, T. G. Cole, G. R. Cooper, B. V. Khan, et al. CDC/AHA Workshop on Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Application to Clinical and Public Health Practice: Report From the Laboratory Science Discussion Group Circulation, December 21, 2004; 110(25): e545 - e549. [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. L. Roberts CDC/AHA Workshop on Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Application to Clinical and Public Health Practice: Laboratory Tests Available to Assess Inflammation--Performance and Standardization: A Background Paper Circulation, December 21, 2004; 110(25): e572 - e576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. O. Talbott, J. V. Zborowski, M. Y. Boudreaux, K. P. McHugh-Pemu, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, and D. S. Guzick The Relationship between C-Reactive Protein and Carotid Intima-Media Wall Thickness in Middle-Aged Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2004; 89(12): 6061 - 6067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Fried, C. Solomon, M. Shlipak, S. Seliger, C. Stehman-Breen, A. J. Bleyer, P. Chaves, C. Furberg, L. Kuller, and A. Newman Inflammatory and Prothrombotic Markers and the Progression of Renal Disease in Elderly Individuals J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2004; 15(12): 3184 - 3191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. Casaburi, S. Bhasin, L. Cosentino, J. Porszasz, A. Somfay, M. I. Lewis, M. Fournier, and T. W. Storer Effects of Testosterone and Resistance Training in Men with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 15, 2004; 170(8): 870 - 878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. C. Suarez C-Reactive Protein Is Associated With Psychological Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Apparently Healthy Adults Psychosom Med, September 1, 2004; 66(5): 684 - 691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. M. Prestwood, C. Unson, M. Kulldorff, and M. Cushman The Effect of Different Doses of Micronized 17{beta}-Estradiol on C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, and Lipids in Older Women J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., August 1, 2004; 59(8): M827 - M832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. J.G. Hanley, A. Festa, R. B. D'Agostino, L. E. Wagenknecht, P. J. Savage, R. P. Tracy, M. F. Saad, and S. M. Haffner Metabolic and Inflammation Variable Clusters and Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes: Factor Analysis Using Directly Measured Insulin Sensitivity Diabetes, July 1, 2004; 53(7): 1773 - 1781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. J Baer, J. T Judd, B. A Clevidence, and R. P Tracy Dietary fatty acids affect plasma markers of inflammation in healthy men fed controlled diets: a randomized crossover study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2004; 79(6): 969 - 973. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. J. Aviles, D. O. Martin, C. Apperson-Hansen, P. L. Houghtaling, P. Rautaharju, R. A. Kronmal, R. P. Tracy, D. R. Van Wagoner, B. M. Psaty, M. S. Lauer, et al. Inflammation as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, December 16, 2003; 108(24): 3006 - 3010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D.J. Brull, N. Serrano, F. Zito, L. Jones, H.E. Montgomery, A. Rumley, P. Sharma, G.D.O. Lowe, M.J. World, S.E. Humphries, et al. Human CRP Gene Polymorphism Influences CRP Levels: Implications for the Prediction and Pathogenesis of Coronary Heart Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2003; 23(11): 2063 - 2069. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Festa, A. J.G. Hanley, R. P. Tracy, R. D'Agostino Jr, and S. M. Haffner Inflammation in the Prediabetic State Is Related to Increased Insulin Resistance Rather Than Decreased Insulin Secretion Circulation, October 14, 2003; 108(15): 1822 - 1830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. R. Dalton, W. H. Hoffman, G. G. Passmore, and S. L. A. Martin Plasma C-Reactive Protein Levels in Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., October 1, 2003; 33(4): 435 - 442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Palmieri, R. P. Tracy, M. J. Roman, J. E. Liu, L. G. Best, J. N. Bella, D. C. Robbins, B. V. Howard, and R. B. Devereux Relation of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy to Inflammation and Albuminuria in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: The Strong Heart Study Diabetes Care, October 1, 2003; 26(10): 2764 - 2769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. M. Haffner, R. D'Agostino Jr., A. Festa, R. N. Bergman, L. Mykkanen, A. Karter, M. F. Saad, and L. E. Wagenknecht Low Insulin Sensitivity (Si = 0) in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study: Is it associated with components of the metabolic syndrome and nontraditional risk factors? Diabetes Care, October 1, 2003; 26(10): 2796 - 2803. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Bernardi, M. Podswiadek, M. Zaninotto, L. Punzi, and M. Plebani YKL-40 as a Marker of Joint Involvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clin. Chem., October 1, 2003; 49(10): 1685 - 1688. [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Satoh, Y. Ogawa, T. Usui, T. Tagami, S. Kono, H. Uesugi, H. Sugiyama, A. Sugawara, K. Yamada, A. Shimatsu, et al. Antiatherogenic Effect of Pioglitazone in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Irrespective of the Responsiveness to Its Antidiabetic Effect Diabetes Care, September 1, 2003; 26(9): 2493 - 2499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. Koenig, M. Sund, M. Frohlich, H. Lowel, W. L. Hutchinson, and M. B. Pepys Refinement of the Association of Serum C-reactive Protein Concentration and Coronary Heart Disease Risk by Correction for Within-Subject Variation over Time: The MONICA Augsburg Studies, 1984 and 1987 Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2003; 158(4): 357 - 364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. B. Ledue and N. Rifai Preanalytic and Analytic Sources of Variations in C-reactive Protein Measurement: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment Clin. Chem., August 1, 2003; 49(8): 1258 - 1271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Holvoet, T. B. Harris, R. P. Tracy, P. Verhamme, A. B. Newman, S. M. Rubin, E. M. Simonsick, L. H. Colbert, and S. B. Kritchevsky Association of High Coronary Heart Disease Risk Status With Circulating Oxidized LDL in the Well-Functioning Elderly: Findings From the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2003; 23(8): 1444 - 1448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. J. Cao, C. Thach, T. A. Manolio, B. M. Psaty, L. H. Kuller, P. H.M. Chaves, J. F. Polak, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, D. M. Herrington, T. R. Price, et al. C-Reactive Protein, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, and Incidence of Ischemic Stroke in the Elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study Circulation, July 15, 2003; 108(2): 166 - 170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Yaffe, K. Lindquist, B. W. Penninx, E. M. Simonsick, M. Pahor, S. Kritchevsky, L. Launer, L. Kuller, S. Rubin, and T. Harris Inflammatory markers and cognition in well-functioning African-American and white elders Neurology, July 8, 2003; 61(1): 76 - 80. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 N. Aziz, J. L. Fahey, R. Detels, and A. W. Butch Analytical Performance of a Highly Sensitive C-Reactive Protein-Based Immunoassay and the Effects of Laboratory Variables on Levels of Protein in Blood Clin. Vaccine Immunol., July 1, 2003; 10(4): 652 - 657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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