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Clinical Chemistry 43: 1862-1867, 1997;
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(Clinical Chemistry. 1997;43:1862-1867.)
© 1997 American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc.

Articles

Prostate-specific antigen in serum during the menstrual cycle

Nosratollah Zarghami1,2, Linda Grass1, Edward R. Sauter3 and Eleftherios P. Diamandis1,2,a

1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.

2 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L5, Canada.

3 Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA.
a Address correspondence to this author, at Mount Sinai Hospital. Fax (416) 586-8628; e-mail epd{at}playfair.utoronto.ca

We previously found that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression in the female breast is regulated by steroid hormones and their receptors. We have now examined whether the PSA concentration in serum changes during the menstrual cycle of healthy women. Among 14 women studied, 3 had serum PSA >=4 ng/L; their changes in PSA content during the menstrual cycle were studied in 7 informative cycles. We found that PSA concentrations in serum are highest during the mid- to late follicular phase, drop continuously with a half-life of 3–5 days between the late follicular phase and midcycle, and reach a minimum during the mid- to late luteal phase. PSA changes do not correlate with changes in lutropin (LH), follitropin (FSH), or estradiol concentrations. However, PSA peaks seem to follow the progesterone concentration peaks, with a delay of 10–12 days. Sera of some volunteers were tested for their ability to upregulate PSA protein and PSA mRNA in a tissue culture system based on the T-47D breast carcinoma cell line. Only sera obtained during the mid- to late luteal phase were able to upregulate the PSA mRNA and protein. In stimulation experiments in vitro, progesterone, but not LH, FSH, estradiol, human chorionic gonadotropin, prolactin, or growth hormone, was able to upregulate PSA mRNA and protein in the T-47D cell line. These data suggest that PSA is produced in a cyclical manner during the menstrual cycle.




The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:


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H. Aksoy, F. Akcay, Z. Umudum, A. K. Yildirim, and R. Memisogullari
Changes of PSA Concentrations in Serum and Saliva of Healthy Women during the Menstrual Cycle
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A. H. Fortier, B. J. Nelson, D. K. Grella, and J. W. Holaday
Antiangiogenic Activity of Prostate-Specific Antigen
J Natl Cancer Inst, October 6, 1999; 91(19): 1635 - 1640.
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V. H. H. Goh
Breast Tissues in Transsexual Women-A Nonprostatic Source of Androgen Up-Regulated Production of Prostate-Specific Antigen
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D. J. Jenkins, C. W. Kendall, E. Vidgen, S. Agarwal, A V. Rao, R. S Rosenberg, E. P Diamandis, R. Novokmet, C. C Mehling, T. Perera, et al.
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Breast and Prostate Cancer: An Analysis of Common Epidemiological, Genetic, and Biochemical Features
Endocr. Rev., August 1, 1998; 19(4): 365 - 396.
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H. F. Escobar-Morreale, J. Serrano-Gotarredona, S. Avila, J. Villar-Palasí, C. Varela, and J. Sancho
The Increased Circulating Prostate-Specific Antigen Concentrations in Women with Hirsutism Do Not Respond to Acute Changes in Adrenal or Ovarian Function
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D. N. Melegos and E. P. Diamandis
Is Prostate-Specific Antigen Present in Female Serum?
Clin. Chem., March 1, 1998; 44(3): 691 - 692.
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