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Articles |
1
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, St. Bartholomew's and The Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Turner St., London E1 2AD, UK.
2
Behringwerke AG, Postfach 1140, D-35001 Marburg,
Germany.
a Author for correspondence. Fax +(44) 171 377 1544; e-mail d.j.newman{at}mds.qmw.ac.uk
Serum cystatin C has been suggested as a new marker of glomerular
filtration rate (GFR). We describe a fully automated and rapid
particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay (PENIA) for measuring serum
cystatin C on the Behring nephelometer systems (BNA, BN II). Each
sample is analyzed in 6 min with as many as 75 samples per batch. The
assay covers the range 0.23–7.25 mg/L, up to seven times the upper
limit of normal. The intra- and interassay imprecision are <3.3% and
<4.5%, respectively. There is absolute linearity across the assay
range (r2 = 0.997), with analytical recovery by
cystatin C addition between 95% and 109% (mean 102%). Hemoglobin
(
8.0 g/L), bilirubin (488 µL), triglycerides (23 mmol/L),
rheumatoid factor (2000 kIU/L), and myeloma paraprotein (41 g/L) do
not interfere with the assay. This assay agreed well with an in-house
particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) (mean
difference = 1.73 ± 2.10) and a commercial PETIA (mean
difference = 1.13 ± 0.86). This is a new assay by which
cystatin C may be effectively used as a marker of GFR estimation.
Key Words: indexing terms: kidney function • immunoassay • glomerular filtration rate
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  M. C. Odden, I. B. Tager, R. T. Gansevoort, S. J. L. Bakker, R. Katz, L. F. Fried, A. B. Newman, R. B. Canada, T. Harris, M. J. Sarnak, et al. Age and cystatin C in healthy adults: a collaborative study Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., September 11, 2009; (2009) gfp474v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E. Terpos, E. Katodritou, E. Tsiftsakis, E. Kastritis, D. Christoulas, A. Pouli, E. Michalis, E. Verrou, K. Anargyrou, K. Tsionos, et al. Cystatin-C is an independent prognostic factor for survival in multiple myeloma and is reduced by bortezomib administration Haematologica, March 1, 2009; 94(3): 372 - 379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 K. Holweger, H.-P. Lipp, K. Dietz, J. T. Hartmann, and C. Bokemeyer Novel Algorithm for More Accurate Calculation of Renal Function in Adults with Cancer Ann. Pharmacother., December 1, 2008; 42(12): 1749 - 1757. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Delanaye, E. Cavalier, J.-M. Krzesinski, and C. Mariat Cystatin C-based equations: don't repeat the same errors with analytical considerations Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., March 1, 2008; 23(3): 1065 - 1065. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 V. Menon, M. J. Sarnak, and M. G. Shlipak Cystatin C, Renal Function, and Cardiovascular Risk Ann Intern Med, February 19, 2008; 148(4): 324 - 324. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B. Lambermont and V. D'Orio Cystatin C blood level as a risk factor for death after heart surgery Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2007; 28(22): 2818 - 2818. [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Ledoux, M. Monchi, J.-P. Chapelle, and P. Damas Cystatin C blood level as a risk factor for death after heart surgery: reply Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2007; 28(22): 2818 - 2819. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. M. Maahs, L. G. Ogden, A. Kretowski, J. K. Snell-Bergeon, G. L. Kinney, T. Berl, and M. Rewers Serum Cystatin C Predicts Progression of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes Diabetes, November 1, 2007; 56(11): 2774 - 2779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Kempf, R. Horn-Wichmann, G. Brabant, T. Peter, T. Allhoff, G. Klein, H. Drexler, N. Johnston, L. Wallentin, and K. C. Wollert Circulating Concentrations of Growth-Differentiation Factor 15 in Apparently Healthy Elderly Individuals and Patients with Chronic Heart Failure as Assessed by a New Immunoradiometric Sandwich Assay Clin. Chem., February 1, 2007; 53(2): 284 - 291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Zaffanello, M. Franchini, and V. Fanos Is Serum Cystatin-C a Suitable Marker of Renal Function in Children? Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., January 1, 2007; 37(3): 233 - 240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. A. Stevens, J. Coresh, T. Greene, and A. S. Levey Assessing kidney function--measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate. N. Engl. J. Med., June 8, 2006; 354(23): 2473 - 2483. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. Hoppe, S. Seronie-Vivien, F. Thomas, J.-P. Delord, L. Malard, P. Canal, and E. Chatelut Serum Cystatin C is a Better Marker of Topotecan Clearance than Serum Creatinine Clin. Cancer Res., April 15, 2005; 11(8): 3038 - 3044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. J. Meier, M. A. Nauck, D. Kranz, J. J. Holst, C. F. Deacon, D. Gaeckler, W. E. Schmidt, and B. Gallwitz Secretion, Degradation, and Elimination of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide in Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency and Healthy Control Subjects Diabetes, March 1, 2004; 53(3): 654 - 662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. J. Hoek, F. A. W. Kemperman, and R. T. Krediet A comparison between cystatin C, plasma creatinine and the Cockcroft and Gault formula for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., October 1, 2003; 18(10): 2024 - 2031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Wasen, P. Suominen, R. Isoaho, K. Mattila, A. Virtanen, S.-L. Kivela, and K. Irjala Serum Cystatin C as a Marker of Kidney Dysfunction in an Elderly Population Clin. Chem., July 1, 2002; 48(7): 1138 - 1140. [Full Text] [PDF]
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O. F. Laterza, C. P. Price, and M. G. Scott Cystatin C: An Improved Estimator of Glomerular Filtration Rate? Clin. Chem., May 1, 2002; 48(5): 699 - 707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A L Gerbes, V Gulberg, M Bilzer, and M Vogeser Evaluation of serum cystatin C concentration as a marker of renal function in patients with cirrhosis of the liver Gut, January 1, 2002; 50(1): 106 - 110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. J. Uhlmann, K. G. Hock, C. Issitt, M. R. Sneeringer, D. R. Cervelli, R. T. Gorman, and M. G. Scott Reference Intervals for Plasma Cystatin C in Healthy Volunteers and Renal Patients, as Measured by the Dade Behring BN II System, and Correlation with Creatinine Clin. Chem., November 1, 2001; 47(11): 2031 - 2033. [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Stowe, D. Lawrence, D. J. Newman, and E. J. Lamb Analytical Performance of a Particle-enhanced Nephelometric Immunoassay for Serum Cystatin C Using Rate Analysis Clin. Chem., August 1, 2001; 47(8): 1482 - 1485. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Serdar, I. Kurt, F. Ozcelik, M. Urhan, S. Ilgan, M. Yenicesu, L. Kenar, and T. Kutluay A Practical Approach to Glomerular Filtration Rate Measurements: Creatinine Clearance Estimation Using Cimetidine Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., July 1, 2001; 31(3): 265 - 273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H Finney, D J Newman, H Thakkar, J M E Fell, and C P Price Reference ranges for plasma cystatin C and creatinine measurements in premature infants, neonates, and older children Arch. Dis. Child., January 1, 2000; 82(1): 71 - 75. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. Le Bricon, E. Thervet, M. Benlakehal, B. Bousquet, C. Legendre, and D. Erlich Changes in Plasma Cystatin C after Renal Transplantation and Acute Rejection in Adults Clin. Chem., December 1, 1999; 45(12): 2243 - 2249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Muller, M.-A. Bernard, A. Benkirane, S. Ngo, S. Lortat-Jacob, J.-F. Oury, and M. Dommergues Fetal Urine Cystatin C as a Predictor of Postnatal Renal Function in Bilateral Uropathies Clin. Chem., December 1, 1999; 45(12): 2292 - 2293. [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Randers, S. Krue, E. J. Erlandsen, H. Danielsen, and L. G. Hansen Reference Interval for Serum Cystatin C in Children Clin. Chem., October 1, 1999; 45(10): 1856 - 1858. [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Guaita, J. M. Simo, N. Ferre, J. Joven, and J. Camps Evaluation of a Particle-enhanced Turbidimetric Immunoassay for the Measurement of Immunoglobulin E in an ILab 900 Analyzer Clin. Chem., September 1, 1999; 45(9): 1557 - 1561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Risch, A. Blumberg, and A. Huber Rapid and accurate assessment of glomerular filtration rate in patients with renal transplants using serum cystatin C Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., August 1, 1999; 14(8): 1991 - 1996. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Newman and J. Kos More on Cystatin C • One of the authors of the article cited above responds: Clin. Chem., May 1, 1999; 45(5): 718 - 719. [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Priem, H. Althaus, M. Birnbaum, P. Sinha, H. S. Conradt, and K. Jung ß-Trace Protein in Serum: A New Marker of Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Creatinine-Blind Range Clin. Chem., April 1, 1999; 45(4): 567 - 568. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Kos, B. Stabuc, N. Cimerman, and N. Brunner Serum Cystatin C, a New Marker of Glomerular Filtration Rate, Is Increased during Malignant Progression Clin. Chem., December 1, 1998; 44(12): 2556 - 2557. [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. G. Keevil, E. S. Kilpatrick, S. P. Nichols, and P. W. Maylor Biological variation of cystatin C: implications for the assessment of glomerular filtration rate Clin. Chem., July 1, 1998; 44(7): 1535 - 1539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Stickle, B. Cole, K. Hock, K. A. Hruska, and M. G. Scott Correlation of plasma concentrations of cystatin C and creatinine to inulin clearance in a pediatric population Clin. Chem., June 1, 1998; 44(6): 1334 - 1338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. K. Swan The Search Continues--An Ideal Marker of GFR Clin. Chem., June 1, 1997; 43(6): 913 - 914. [Full Text] [PDF]
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