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Doping in Sport Symposium Proceedings |
Department of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK. Fax 0041 161 273 1389; e-mail Frederick.Wu{at}man.ac.uk
Abstract
Understanding of the mechanism of androgen action has been enhanced by advances in knowledge on the molecular basis of activation of the androgen receptor and the importance of tissue conversion of circulating testosterone to dihydrotestosterone and estradiol. New evidence supports the view that supraphysiological doses of anabolic steroids do have a definite, positive effect on muscle size and muscle strength. However, the nature of the anabolic action of androgens on muscle is currently unclear and may involve mechanisms independent of the androgen receptor. The dose–response relationships of anabolic actions vs the potentially serious risks to health of androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) use are still unresolved. Most of the adverse effects of AAS are reversible but some are permanent, particularly in women and children. The reported incidence of acute life-threatening events associated with AAS abuse is low, but the actual risk may be underrecognized or underreported; the exact incidence is unknown. The long-term consequences and disease risks of AAS to the sports competitor remain to be properly evaluated.
Key Words: indexing terms: androgen receptor • abused drugs • sports medicine
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  T. Kvorning, M. Andersen, K. Brixen, and K. Madsen Suppression of endogenous testosterone production attenuates the response to strength training: a randomized, placebo-controlled, and blinded intervention study Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2006; 291(6): E1325 - E1332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A M Smith, K M English, C J Malkin, R D Jones, T H Jones, and K S Channer Testosterone does not adversely affect fibrinogen or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in 46 men with chronic stable angina Eur. J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2005; 152(2): 285 - 291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C.J. Malkin, P.J. Pugh, T.H. Jones, and K.S. Channer Testosterone for secondary prevention in men with ischaemic heart disease? QJM, July 1, 2003; 96(7): 521 - 529. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. C. Jorge-Rivera, K. L. McIntyre, and L. P. Henderson Anabolic Steroids Induce Region- and Subunit-Specific Rapid Modulation of GABAA Receptor-Mediated Currents in the Rat Forebrain J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2000; 83(6): 3299 - 3309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B. T. Ameredes, J. F. Watchko, M. J. Daood, J. F. Rosas, M. P. Donahoe, and R. M. Rogers Growth Hormone Improves Body Mass Recovery with Refeeding after Chronic Undernutrition-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Aging Male Rats J. Nutr., December 1, 1999; 129(12): 2264 - 2270. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 B. T. Ameredes, J. F. Watchko, M. J. Daood, J. F. Rosas, M. P. Donahoe, and R. M. Rogers Growth hormone restores aged diaphragm myosin composition and performance after chronic undernutrition J Appl Physiol, October 1, 1999; 87(4): 1253 - 1259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. A. Cowan and A. T. Kicman Doping in Sport: Misuse, Analytical Tests, and Legal Aspects Clin. Chem., July 1, 1997; 43(7): 1110 - 1113. [Full Text] [PDF]
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