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Endocrinology and Metabolism |
Departments of
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Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology,
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Medicine, and
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Pediatrics (Genetics), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L5.
Departments of
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Laboratories and
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Medicine,
The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4.
a Address correspondence to this author at: Room 402, 100 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L5. Fax 416-978-5650; e-mail davidec.cole{at}utoronto.ca.
Increased circulating total homocysteine (tHcy) has been implicated as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. In cardiac transplant patients, accelerated coronary atherosclerosis is an important cause of late allograft failure; however, studies of tHcy in this at-risk group are limited. We sampled a cohort of 72 subjects 3.95 ± 3.14 (mean ± SD) years after transplantation and found that all had tHcy concentrations above our upper reference limit (15.0 µmol/L). The mean tHcy in the transplant group (25.4 ± 7.1 µmol/L) was significantly greater than in our reference group (9.0 ± 4.3 µmol/L; n = 457; P <0.001). We also examined the effect of age, gender, time since transplant, serum folate and cobalamin, total protein, urate, creatinine, albumin, and trough whole blood cyclosporine concentrations. In a multiple linear regression model, only creatinine (mean 144 ± 52 µmol/L; P = 0.021) and trough cyclosporine concentrations (191 ± 163 µg/L; P = 0.015) were independent positive predictors of tHcy, whereas serum folate (8.35 ± 7.43 nmol/L; P = 0.018) and time since transplant (P = 0.049) were significant negative predictors. We conclude that hyperhomocysteinemia is a common characteristic of cardiac transplant recipients. Our analysis suggests that folate and renal glomerular dysfunction are important contributory factors; however, whole blood cyclosporine concentrations may also predict the degree of hyperhomocysteinemia in this population and therefore influence interpretation of any apparent response to treatment.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  G Bianchi, G Marchesini, and M Zoli Hyperhomocysteinaemia and vascular disease in liver patients. Gut, June 1, 2006; 55(6): 896 - 896. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. Refsum, A. D. Smith, P. M. Ueland, E. Nexo, R. Clarke, J. McPartlin, C. Johnston, F. Engbaek, J. Schneede, C. McPartlin, et al. Facts and Recommendations about Total Homocysteine Determinations: An Expert Opinion Clin. Chem., January 1, 2004; 50(1): 3 - 32. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrit Guidelines for the Use of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition in Adult and Pediatric Patients JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, January 1, 2002; 26(1_suppl): 1SA - 138SA. [PDF]
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C. Fernandez-Miranda, M. Sanz, A. de la Calle, C. Loinaz, P. Gomez, P. Diaz-Rubio, A. G. de la Camara, and E. Moreno Determinants of Increased Plasma Homocysteine in 221 Stable Liver Transplant Patients Clin. Chem., November 1, 2001; 47(11): 2037 - 2040. [Full Text] [PDF]
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L.-N. Chan Drug-Nutrient Interactions in Transplant Recipients JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, May 1, 2001; 25(3): 132 - 141. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D. W. Jacobsen Acquired Hyperhomocysteinemia in Heart Transplant Recipients Clin. Chem., November 1, 1998; 44(11): 2238 - 2239. [Full Text] [PDF]
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