| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Lipids and Lipoproteins |
1
Pacific Biometrics, Inc., 220 West Harrison Street, Seattle, WA 98119.
2
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc., Rockville, MD
20850.
3
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of
California, San Francisco, CA 94143.
a Author for correspondence. Fax 206-298-9838; e-mail ETL{at}PACBIO.COM.
Substantial evidence indicates that triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants are atherogenic. Additional research has, however, been limited by available methods for separation and quantification of remnants. We have evaluated an immunoseparation assay developed to measure cholesterol in remnant-like particles (RLP-C). This method uses monoclonal antibodies to human apolipoproteins B-100 and A-I to remove most of the apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoproteins (namely LDL and nascent VLDL) and apolipoprotein A-I-containing lipoproteins (namely chylomicrons and HDL), leaving behind a fraction of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, including chylomicron and VLDL remnants, both of which are enriched in apolipoprotein E. Cholesterol in the unbound fraction is measured with a sensitive enzymatic assay. The RLP-C concentration was highly correlated with total triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (sum of VLDL-cholesterol and IDL-cholesterol) separated by ultracentrifugation and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (r = 0.86 and 0.76, respectively). The within-run and run-to-run imprecision (CV) of the assay was ~6% and 10%, respectively. The assay was not affected by hemoglobin up to 5000 mg/L (500 mg/dL), bilirubin up to 342 mmol/L (20 mg/dL), glucose up to 67 mmol/L (1200 mg/dL), or ascorbic acid up to 170 mmol/L (3.0 mg/dL). In 726 subjects (men, n = 364; women, n = 362) in the US, the 75th percentiles of RLP-C concentration were 0.17 mmol/L (6.6 mg/dL) and 0.23 mmol/L (8.8 mg/dL) in sera obtained after overnight fasting or randomly, respectively. A group of 151 patients from nine US centers and one Canadian center with coronary artery atherosclerosis established by angiography had higher median RLP-C concentrations than 302 gender- and age-matched controls (P <0.05). We conclude that the RLP-C assay compares favorably to ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis and provides a convenient and economical approach to measure triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants in routine clinical laboratories.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
|
|
 |
|
  X.-Y. Zheng and L. Liu Remnant-like lipoprotein particles impair endothelial function: direct and indirect effects on nitric oxide synthase J. Lipid Res., August 1, 2007; 48(8): 1673 - 1680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. C.H. Kwan, F. Kronenberg, S. Beddhu, and A. K. Cheung Lipoprotein Metabolism and Lipid Management in Chronic Kidney Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2007; 18(4): 1246 - 1261. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Iwasaki, H. Matsuyama, and N. Nakashima Improved Specificity of a New Homogeneous Assay for LDL-Cholesterol in Serum with Abnormal Lipoproteins Clin. Chem., May 1, 2006; 52(5): 886 - 888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. A. Brinton, M. N. Nanjee, and P. N. Hopkins Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnant levels and metabolism: Time to adopt these orphan risk factors? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 16, 2004; 43(12): 2233 - 2235. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T.B. Twickler, G.M. Dallinga-Thie, J.S. Cohn, and M.J. Chapman Elevated Remnant-Like Particle Cholesterol Concentration: A Characteristic Feature of the Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype Circulation, April 27, 2004; 109(16): 1918 - 1925. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Hirowatari, H. Yoshida, H. Kurosawa, K.-i. Doumitu, and N. Tada Measurement of cholesterol of major serum lipoprotein classes by anion-exchange HPLC with perchlorate ion-containing eluent J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2003; 44(7): 1404 - 1412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
References Circulation, December 17, 2002; 106(25): 3373 - 3421. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. R. W. de Sauvage Nolting, M. B. Twickler, G. M. Dallinga-Thie, R. J.A. Buirma, B. A. Hutten, J. J.P. Kastelein, and for the Examination of Probands and Relatives in S Elevated Remnant-Like Particles in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Response to Statin Therapy Circulation, August 13, 2002; 106(7): 788 - 792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. Chan, G. F. Watts, P. H. R. Barrett, I. J. Martins, A. P. James, J. C. L. Mamo, T. A. Mori, and T. G. Redgrave Effect of atorvastatin on chylomicron remnant metabolism in visceral obesity: a study employing a new stable isotope breath test J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2002; 43(5): 706 - 712. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kishi, K. Ochiai, Y. Ohta, Y. Uemura, K. Kanatani, K. Nakajima, and M. Nakamura Highly Sensitive Cholesterol Assay with Enzymatic Cycling Applied to Measurement of Remnant Lipoprotein-Cholesterol in Serum Clin. Chem., May 1, 2002; 48(5): 737 - 741. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Campos, L. Kotite, P. Blanche, Y. Mitsugi, P. H. Frost, U. Masharani, R. M. Krauss, and R. J. Havel Properties of triglyceride-rich and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in the remnant-like particle fraction of human blood plasma J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2002; 43(3): 365 - 374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Jialal and S. Devaraj Remnant Lipoproteins: Measurement and Clinical Significance Clin. Chem., February 1, 2002; 48(2): 217 - 219. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Nauck, G. R. Warnick, and N. Rifai Methods for Measurement of LDL-Cholesterol: A Critical Assessment of Direct Measurement by Homogeneous Assays versus Calculation Clin. Chem., February 1, 2002; 48(2): 236 - 254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. Chan, G. F. Watts, P. H. Barrett, J. C.L. Mamo, and T. G. Redgrave Markers of Triglyceride-rich Lipoprotein Remnant Metabolism in Visceral Obesity Clin. Chem., February 1, 2002; 48(2): 278 - 283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H.-S. Kim, F. Abbasi, C. Lamendola, T. McLaughlin, and G. M Reaven Effect of insulin resistance on postprandial elevations of remnant lipoprotein concentrations in postmenopausal women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2001; 74(5): 592 - 595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Koutsari, F. Karpe, S. M. Humphreys, K. N. Frayn, and A. E. Hardman Exercise Prevents the Accumulation of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Their Remnants Seen When Changing to a High-Carbohydrate Diet Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2001; 21(9): 1520 - 1525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. G. Redgrave, G. F. Watts, I. J. Martins, P. H. R. Barrett, J. C. L. Mamo, S. B. Dimmitt, and A. D. Marais Chylomicron remnant metabolism in familial dyslipidemias studied with a remnant-like emulsion breath test J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2001; 42(5): 710 - 715. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Th. B. Twickler, G. M. Dallinga-Thie, H. W. de Valk, P. C. N. J. Schreuder, H. Jansen, M. C. Cabezas, and D. W. Erkelens High Dose of Simvastatin Normalizes Postprandial Remnant-Like Particle Response in Patients With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2000; 20(11): 2422 - 2427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Marcoux, P. N. Hopkins, T. Wang, E. T. Leary, K. Nakajima, J. Davignon, and J. S. Cohn Remnant-like particle cholesterol and triglyceride levels of hypertriglyceridemic patients in the fed and fasted state J. Lipid Res., September 1, 2000; 41(9): 1428 - 1436. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Waterworth, J. A. Hubacek, J. Pitha, J. Kovar, R. Poledne, S. E. Humphries, and P. J. Talmud Plasma levels of remnant particles are determined in part by variation in the APOC3 gene insulin response element and the APOCI;-APOE cluster J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2000; 41(7): 1103 - 1109. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Hirany, D. O'Byrne, S. Devaraj, and I. Jialal Remnant-like Particle-Cholesterol Concentrations in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and End-Stage Renal Disease Clin. Chem., May 1, 2000; 46(5): 667 - 672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J Parks and M. K Hellerstein Carbohydrate-induced hypertriacylglycerolemia: historical perspective and review of biological mechanisms1 Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2000; 71(2): 412 - 433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Wang, K. Nakajima, E. T. Leary, G. R. Warnick, J. S. Cohn, P. N. Hopkins, L. L. Wu, D. D. Cilla, J. Zhong, and R. J. Havel Ratio of Remnant-like Particle-Cholesterol to Serum Total Triglycerides Is an Effective Alternative to Ultracentrifugal and Electrophoretic Methods in the Diagnosis of Familial Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia Clin. Chem., November 1, 1999; 45(11): 1981 - 1987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Cohn, C. Marcoux, and J. Davignon Detection, Quantification, and Characterization of Potentially Atherogenic Triglyceride-Rich Remnant Lipoproteins Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1999; 19(10): 2474 - 2486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. ANDO, T. SANAKA, and H. NIHEI Eicosapentanoic Acid Reduces Plasma Levels of Remnant Lipoproteins and Prevents in Vivo Peroxidation of LDL in Dialysis Patients J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 1999; 10(10): 2177 - 2184. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
