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Endocrinology and Metabolism |
Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
a Author for correspondence. Fax 45 3545 4640; e-mail rehfeld{at}rh.dk.
Shortage of reliable plasma assays has hampered studies of
cholecystokinin (CCK). The assay problems are low plasma
concentrations, extensive molecular heterogeneity, and close homology
of CCK to gastrin, which circulates in higher concentrations. To
develop an accurate CCK RIA, antibodies were raised in rabbits, guinea
pigs, and mice in titers from 200 to 4 000 000. The specificity of
the antisera was tested with homologous peptides, and tissue and plasma
extracts. Rabbit 92128 produced antibodies in high titer (
500 000)
with sufficient avidity (K
eff°
1012 mol-1) and the desired specificity. The
antiserum binds the bioactive forms of CCK with equimolar potency and
displays no reactivity with gastrin. CCK concentrations in plasma from
healthy humans rose from 1.13 ± 0.10 pmol/L (mean ± SE,
n = 26) to 4.92 ± 0.34 pmol/L after a mixed meal.
Chromatography of human plasma revealed traces of CCK-58, a
predominance of CCK-33 and CCK-22, and moderate amounts of CCK-8. The
results show that it is possible to produce specific CCK-antisera using
a sulfated CCK-12 analog.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  F. Y. Enc, T. Ones, H. L. Akin, F. Dede, H. T. Turoglu, G. Ulfer, N. Bekiroglu, G. Haklar, J. F. Rehfeld, J. J. Holst, et al. Orlistat accelerates gastric emptying and attenuates GIP release in healthy subjects Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, March 1, 2009; 296(3): G482 - G489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. B Sorensen, H. T Cueto, M. T Andersen, C. Bitz, J. J Holst, J. F Rehfeld, and A. Astrup The effect of salatrim, a low-calorie modified triacylglycerol, on appetite and energy intake Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1163 - 1169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. F. Rehfeld, J. R. Bundgaard, J. Hannibal, X. Zhu, C. Norrbom, D. F. Steiner, and L. Friis-Hansen The Cell-Specific Pattern of Cholecystokinin Peptides in Endocrine Cells Versus Neurons Is Governed by the Expression of Prohormone Convertases 1/3, 2, and 5/6 Endocrinology, April 1, 2008; 149(4): 1600 - 1608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. K. Lorenzen, S. Nielsen, J. J. Holst, I. Tetens, J. F. Rehfeld, and A. Astrup Effect of dairy calcium or supplementary calcium intake on postprandial fat metabolism, appetite, and subsequent energy intake Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2007; 85(3): 678 - 687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B. J. Wang and Z. J. Cui How does cholecystokinin stimulate exocrine pancreatic secretion? From birds, rodents, to humans Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2007; 292(2): R666 - R678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 F. Levin, T. Edholm, P. T. Schmidt, P. Gryback, H. Jacobsson, M. Degerblad, C. Hoybye, J. J. Holst, J. F. Rehfeld, P. M. Hellstrom, et al. Ghrelin Stimulates Gastric Emptying and Hunger in Normal-Weight Humans J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2006; 91(9): 3296 - 3302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Date, K. Toshinai, S. Koda, M. Miyazato, T. Shimbara, T. Tsuruta, A. Niijima, K. Kangawa, and M. Nakazato Peripheral Interaction of Ghrelin with Cholecystokinin on Feeding Regulation Endocrinology, August 1, 2005; 146(8): 3518 - 3525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B. Burton-Freeman Sex and Cognitive Dietary Restraint Influence Cholecystokinin Release and Satiety in Response to Preloads Varying in Fatty Acid Composition and Content J. Nutr., June 1, 2005; 135(6): 1407 - 1414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Burton-Freeman, P. A Davis, and B. O Schneeman Interaction of fat availability and sex on postprandial satiety and cholecystokinin after mixed-food meals Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1207 - 1214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. C. Reubi, P. Koefoed, T. v. O. Hansen, E. Stauffer, D. Rauch, F. C. Nielsen, and J. F. Rehfeld Procholecystokinin as Marker of Human Ewing Sarcomas Clin. Cancer Res., August 15, 2004; 10(16): 5523 - 5530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. O. Schneeman, B. Burton-Freeman, and P. Davis Incorporating Dairy Foods into Low and High Fat Diets Increases the Postprandial Cholecystokinin Response in Men and Women J. Nutr., December 1, 2003; 133(12): 4124 - 4128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. R. Reeve Jr, G. M. Green, P. Chew, V. E. Eysselein, and D. A. Keire CCK-58 is the only detectable endocrine form of cholecystokinin in rat Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, July 7, 2003; 285(2): G255 - G265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Guilmeau, M. Buyse, A. Tsocas, J. P. Laigneau, and A. Bado Duodenal Leptin Stimulates Cholecystokinin Secretion: Evidence of a Positive Leptin-Cholecystokinin Feedback Loop Diabetes, July 1, 2003; 52(7): 1664 - 1672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Geleva, W. Thomas, M. C. Gannon, and J. M. Keenan A Solubilized Cellulose Fiber Decreases Peak Postprandial Cholecystokinin Concentrations after a Liquid Mixed Meal in Hypercholesterolemic Men and Women J. Nutr., July 1, 2003; 133(7): 2194 - 2203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Burton-Freeman, P. A Davis, and B. O Schneeman Plasma cholecystokinin is associated with subjective measures of satiety in women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2002; 76(3): 659 - 667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M D. Robertson, K. G Jackson, B. A Fielding, L. M Morgan, C. M Williams, and K. N Frayn Acute ingestion of a meal rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids results in rapid gastric emptying in humans Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2002; 76(1): 232 - 238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 N A M van Ooteghem, A Moschetta, J F Rehfeld, M Samsom, K J van Erpecum, and G P van Berge-Henegouwen Intraduodenal conjugated bile salts exert negative feedback control on gall bladder emptying in the fasting state without affecting cholecystokinin release or antroduodenal motility Gut, May 1, 2002; 50(5): 669 - 674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M D. Robertson, R A. Henderson, G. E Vist, and R D. E Rumsey Extended effects of evening meal carbohydrate-to-fat ratio on fasting and postprandial substrate metabolism Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2002; 75(3): 505 - 510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. M. Nieto, J. Wilson, A. Cupo, B. P. Roques, and F. Noble Chronic Morphine Treatment Modulates the Extracellular Levels of Endogenous Enkephalins in Rat Brain Structures Involved in Opiate Dependence: A Microdialysis Study J. Neurosci., February 1, 2002; 22(3): 1034 - 1041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Y. Enc, N. Imeryuz, L. Akin, T. Turoglu, F. Dede, G. Haklar, N. Tekesin, N. Bekiroglu, B. C. Yegen, J. F. Rehfeld, et al. Inhibition of gastric emptying by acarbose is correlated with GLP-1 response and accompanied by CCK release Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, September 1, 2001; 281(3): G752 - G763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M D. Robertson, K. G Jackson, C. M Williams, B. A Fielding, and K. N Frayn Prolonged effects of modified sham feeding on energy substrate mobilization Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2001; 73(1): 111 - 117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. F. Rehfeld, G. Sun, T. Christensen, and J. G. Hillingsø The Predominant Cholecystokinin in Human Plasma and Intestine Is Cholecystokinin-33 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2001; 86(1): 251 - 258. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. P. Hansen, F. Stadil, and J. F. Rehfeld Metabolism and acid secretory effect of sulfated and nonsulfated gastrin-6 in humans Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, November 1, 2000; 279(5): G903 - G909. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Wøjdemann, A. Wettergren, B. Hartmann, L. Hilsted, and J. J. Holst Inhibition of Sham Feeding-Stimulated Human Gastric Acid Secretion by Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 1999; 84(7): 2513 - 2517. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. A. Lacourse, L. J. Swanberg, P. J. Gillespie, J. F. Rehfeld, T. L. Saunders, and L. C. Samuelson Pancreatic function in CCK-deficient mice: adaptation to dietary protein does not require CCK Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, May 1, 1999; 276(5): G1302 - G1309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. A. Liddle On the Measurement of Cholecystokinin Clin. Chem., May 1, 1998; 44(5): 903 - 904. [Full Text] [PDF]
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