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Enzymes and Protein Markers |
a Author for correspondence. Fax 914-524-2195; e-mail jeffrey.allard.b{at}bayer.com.
Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an effective diagnostic tool
for detection of prostate cancer (CaP) at an early and potentially
curable stage, but specificity is low. Studies have shown that the
proportion of serum PSA complexed with 
-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) is
higher in men with CaP than in men with benign prostate disease. We
developed a novel immunoassay for complexed PSA based on the unique
binding properties of a monoclonal antibody that fails to bind free PSA
in the presence of antibodies specific for free PSA. The assay measured
mixtures of free and complexed PSA accurately, and the measured values
of free + complexed PSA in artificial mixtures and in patient sera were
equivalent to the measured value of total PSA. Both the serum
concentration and the proportion of complexed PSA was substantially
higher in patients with CaP compared with patients with benign prostate
disease. The cPSA assay may have utility in improving specificity in
screening for prostate cancer.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  S. D Mulder, J. A Heijst, C. Mulder, F. Martens, C E. Hack, P. Scheltens, M. A Blankenstein, and R. Veerhuis CSF levels of PSA and PSA-ACT complexes in Alzheimer's disease Ann Clin Biochem, November 1, 2009; 46(6): 477 - 483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. STEPHAN, H. RITTENHOUSE, H. CAMMANN, M. LEIN, M. SCHRADER, S. DEGER, K. MILLER, and K. JUNG New Markers and Multivariate Models for Prostate Cancer Detection Anticancer Res, July 1, 2009; 29(7): 2589 - 2600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. M. Sturgeon, M. J. Duffy, U.-H. Stenman, H. Lilja, N. Brunner, D. W. Chan, R. Babaian, R. C. Bast Jr., B. Dowell, F. J. Esteva, et al. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for Use of Tumor Markers in Testicular, Prostate, Colorectal, Breast, and Ovarian Cancers Clin. Chem., December 1, 2008; 54(12): e11 - e79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. Lilja, D. Ulmert, T. Bjork, C. Becker, A. M. Serio, J.-A. Nilsson, P.-A. Abrahamsson, A. J. Vickers, and G. Berglund Long-Term Prediction of Prostate Cancer Up to 25 Years Before Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Using Prostate Kallikreins Measured at Age 44 to 50 Years J. Clin. Oncol., February 1, 2007; 25(4): 431 - 436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Ulmert, C. Becker, J.-A. Nilsson, T. Piironen, T. Bjork, J. Hugosson, G. Berglund, and H. Lilja Reproducibility and Accuracy of Measurements of Free and Total Prostate-Specific Antigen in Serum vs Plasma after Long-Term Storage at -20 {degrees}C Clin. Chem., February 1, 2006; 52(2): 235 - 239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Keller, H. Butz, M. Lein, M. Kwiatkowski, A. Semjonow, H.-J. Luboldt, P. Hammerer, C. Stephan, and K. Jung Discordance Analysis Characteristics as a New Method to Compare the Diagnostic Accuracy of Tests: Example of Complexed Versus Total Prostate-Specific Antigen Clin. Chem., March 1, 2005; 51(3): 532 - 539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S Jain, A G Bhojwani, and J K Mellon Improving the utility of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: the use of PSA derivatives and novel markers Postgrad. Med. J., November 1, 2002; 78(925): 646 - 650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Martinez, F. Espana, M. Royo, J. M. Alapont, S. Navarro, A. Estelles, J. Aznar, C. D. Vera, and J. F. Jimenez-Cruz The Proportion of Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Complexed to {alpha}1-Antichymotrypsin Improves the Discrimination between Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Men with a Total PSA of 10 to 30 {micro}g/L Clin. Chem., August 1, 2002; 48(8): 1251 - 1256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. Stephan, K. Jung, M. Lein, P. Sinha, D. Schnorr, and S. A. Loening Molecular Forms of Prostate-specific Antigen and Human Kallikrein 2 as Promising Tools for Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2000; 9(11): 1133 - 1147. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. Jung, B. Brux, M. Lein, B. Rudolph, G. Kristiansen, S. Hauptmann, D. Schnorr, S. A. Loening, and P. Sinha Molecular Forms of Prostate-specific Antigen in Malignant and Benign Prostatic Tissue: Biochemical and Diagnostic Implications Clin. Chem., January 1, 2000; 46(1): 47 - 54. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Jung, U. Elgeti, M. Lein, B. Brux, P. Sinha, B. Rudolph, S. Hauptmann, D. Schnorr, and S. A. Loening Ratio of Free or Complexed Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) to Total PSA: Which Ratio Improves Differentiation between Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer? Clin. Chem., January 1, 2000; 46(1): 55 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. L. Croal, I. Mitchell, A. Dickie, P. A. Duff, N. P. Cohen, I. S. Ross, K. Jung, B. Brux, P. Sinha, M. Lein, et al. Complexed Prostate-specific Antigen and the ""Prostate-specific Antigen Gap"" • The authors of the Technical Brief cited above reply: Clin. Chem., November 1, 1999; 45(11): 2040 - 2041. [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Jung, B. Brux, A. Knabich, M. Lein, P. Sinha, D. Schnorr, and S. A. Loening A Gap Between Total Prostate-specific Antigen and the Sum of Free Prostate-specific Antigen Plus {alpha}1-Antichymotrypsin-Prostate-specific Antigen in Patients with Prostate Carcinoma but not in Those with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Clin. Chem., March 1, 1999; 45(3): 422 - 424. [Full Text] [PDF]
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