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Lipids and Lipoproteins |
1
Lipid Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, New England Medical Center, and Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111.
2
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc., Rockville, MD
20850.
3
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston
University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118.
4
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham
Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, MA 01701.
a Address correspondence to this author at: Lipid Metabolism Laboratory Jean Mayer, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111. Fax 617-556-3103; e-mail McNamara_LI{at}HNRC.Tufts.edu.
Remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of both intestinal and liver origin are considered atherogenic, but they have been difficult to isolate and measure. An assay has been developed that allows the measurement of remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) and triglyceride (RLP-TG). RLP-C and RLP-TG concentrations were measured in >3000 fasting plasma samples obtained from participants in exam cycle 4 of the Framingham Offspring Study and stored at -80 °C. After exclusions, comparisons were made for 2821 samples (1385 women, 1436 men; mean age, 52 years). For women, the mean RLP-C and RLP-TG values were 0.176 ± 0.058 mmol/L (6.8 ± 2.3 mg/dL) and 0.204 ± 0.159 mmol/L (18.1 ± 14.1 mg/dL), respectively; for men, the mean values were 0.208 ± 0.096 mmol/L (8.0 ± 3.7 mg/dL) and 0.301 ± 0.261 mmol/L (26.7 ± 23.1 mg/dL), respectively. Women had significantly lower RLP-C and RLP-TG values (P <0.0001) than men; premenopausal women had significantly lower values than postmenopausal women (P <0.0001); and younger subjects (<50 years) had significantly lower values than older individuals (P <0.0001). The 75th percentile values for RLP-C and RLP-TG were 0.186 mmol/L (7.2 mg/dL) and 0.225 mmol/L (19.9 mg/dL), respectively, for women, and 0.225 mmol/L (8.7 mg/dL) and 0.346 mmol/L (30.6 mg/dL) for men. These data provide reference ranges for use in the evaluation of RLP-C and RLP-TG as potential indicators of risk for coronary heart disease.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  S. Lamon-Fava, D. M. Herrington, D. M. Reboussin, M. Sherman, K. V. Horvath, L. A. Cupples, C. White, S. Demissie, E. J. Schaefer, and B. F. Asztalos Plasma Levels of HDL Subpopulations and Remnant Lipoproteins Predict the Extent of Angiographically-Defined Coronary Artery Disease in Postmenopausal Women Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., March 1, 2008; 28(3): 575 - 579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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References Circulation, December 17, 2002; 106(25): 3373 - 3421. [Full Text]
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E. J. Schaefer, J. R. McNamara, P. K. Shah, K. Nakajima, L. A. Cupples, J. M. Ordovas, and P. W.F. Wilson Elevated Remnant-Like Particle Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels in Diabetic Men and Women in the Framingham Offspring Study Diabetes Care, June 1, 2002; 25(6): 989 - 994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Campos, L. Kotite, P. Blanche, Y. Mitsugi, P. H. Frost, U. Masharani, R. M. Krauss, and R. J. Havel Properties of triglyceride-rich and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in the remnant-like particle fraction of human blood plasma J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2002; 43(3): 365 - 374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E. J Schaefer Lipoproteins, nutrition, and heart disease Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2002; 75(2): 191 - 212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. C. Chan, G. F. Watts, P. H. Barrett, J. C.L. Mamo, and T. G. Redgrave Markers of Triglyceride-rich Lipoprotein Remnant Metabolism in Visceral Obesity Clin. Chem., February 1, 2002; 48(2): 278 - 283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. R. Davis Jr, D. S. Compton, L. Hoos, and G. Tetzloff Ezetimibe, a Potent Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor, Inhibits the Development of Atherosclerosis in ApoE Knockout Mice Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., December 1, 2001; 21(12): 2032 - 2038. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. G. Redgrave, G. F. Watts, I. J. Martins, P. H. R. Barrett, J. C. L. Mamo, S. B. Dimmitt, and A. D. Marais Chylomicron remnant metabolism in familial dyslipidemias studied with a remnant-like emulsion breath test J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2001; 42(5): 710 - 715. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 C. J. DEIGHAN, M. J. CASLAKE, M. MCCONNELL, J. M. BOULTON-JONES, and C. J. PACKARD Comparative Effects of Cerivastatin and Fenofibrate on the Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype in Proteinuric Renal Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., February 1, 2001; 12(2): 341 - 348. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. Marcoux, P. N. Hopkins, T. Wang, E. T. Leary, K. Nakajima, J. Davignon, and J. S. Cohn Remnant-like particle cholesterol and triglyceride levels of hypertriglyceridemic patients in the fed and fasted state J. Lipid Res., September 1, 2000; 41(9): 1428 - 1436. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. M. Waterworth, J. A. Hubacek, J. Pitha, J. Kovar, R. Poledne, S. E. Humphries, and P. J. Talmud Plasma levels of remnant particles are determined in part by variation in the APOC3 gene insulin response element and the APOCI;-APOE cluster J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2000; 41(7): 1103 - 1109. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. Hirany, D. O'Byrne, S. Devaraj, and I. Jialal Remnant-like Particle-Cholesterol Concentrations in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and End-Stage Renal Disease Clin. Chem., May 1, 2000; 46(5): 667 - 672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Wang, K. Nakajima, E. T. Leary, G. R. Warnick, J. S. Cohn, P. N. Hopkins, L. L. Wu, D. D. Cilla, J. Zhong, and R. J. Havel Ratio of Remnant-like Particle-Cholesterol to Serum Total Triglycerides Is an Effective Alternative to Ultracentrifugal and Electrophoretic Methods in the Diagnosis of Familial Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia Clin. Chem., November 1, 1999; 45(11): 1981 - 1987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Marcoux, M. Tremblay, K. Nakajima, J. Davignon, and J. S. Cohn Characterization of remnant-like particles isolated by immunoaffinity gel from the plasma of type III and type IV hyperlipoproteinemic patients J. Lipid Res., April 1, 1999; 40(4): 636 - 647. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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