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Endocrinology and Metabolism |
Departments of
1
Medicine and
2
Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
a Author for correspondence. Fax 46-18-55-36-01; e-mail Britt.Eden_ Engstrom{at}medicin.uu.se.
The influence of gender on serum concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and 12 other endocrine analytes was investigated in sera drawn from 291 healthy medical students in the ambulatory state in the morning, after fasting overnight. GH was measured with a sensitive noncompetitive fluoroimmunoassay. The median GH value was 80-fold higher in women 21–26 years old than in age-matched men (14.4 vs 0.18 mIU/L), compared with a female/male ratio of 2.2 for 17ß-estradiol and a male/female ratio of 14 for testosterone. Furthermore, the values for sex hormone-binding globulin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were higher, whereas the values for free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and parathyroid hormone were lower in the women. The median GH value was 68-fold higher in women 27–43 years old than in age-matched men (10.9 vs 0.16 mIU/L). Women taking contraceptives with ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel or levonorgestrel had higher GH values, and the desogestrel group had lower IGF-1 values than women not taking contraceptives. The median GH values in these groups were 125- and 117-fold higher, respectively, than in men 21–26 years old. The results suggest that routine morning activity produces a marked GH response in >90% of young women but in very few age-matched men. The effect on GH was even more pronounced in women taking oral contraceptives, suggesting that the intake of ethinyl estradiol contributes to higher GH concentrations in these women.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  L. Wideman, L. Consitt, J. Patrie, B. Swearingin, R. Bloomer, P. Davis, and A. Weltman The impact of sex and exercise duration on growth hormone secretion J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2006; 101(6): 1641 - 1647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Weltman, J. Y. Weltman, C. P. Roy, L. Wideman, J. Patrie, W. S. Evans, and J. D. Veldhuis Growth hormone response to graded exercise intensities is attenuated and the gender difference abolished in older adults J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2006; 100(5): 1623 - 1629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B. E. Engstrom, P. Burman, C. Holdstock, M. Ohrvall, M. Sundbom, and F A. Karlsson Effects of gastric bypass on the GH/IGF-I axis in severe obesity - and a comparison with GH deficiency Eur. J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2006; 154(1): 53 - 59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. N. Dhir, W. Dworakowski, C. Thangavel, and B. H. Shapiro Sexually Dimorphic Regulation of Hepatic Isoforms of Human Cytochrome P450 by Growth Hormone J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., January 1, 2006; 316(1): 87 - 94. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. D. Veldhuis, L. Farhy, A. L. Weltman, J. Kuipers, J. Weltman, and L. Wideman Gender Modulates Sequential Suppression and Recovery of Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion by Physiological Feedback Signals in Young Adults J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2005; 90(5): 2874 - 2881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Soares-Welch, L. Farhy, K. L. Mielke, F. H. Mahmud, J. M. Miles, C. Y. Bowers, and J. D. Veldhuis Complementary Secretagogue Pairs Unmask Prominent Gender-Related Contrasts in Mechanisms of Growth Hormone Pulse Renewal in Young Adults J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2005; 90(4): 2225 - 2232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. D. Veldhuis, J. N. Roemmich, E. J. Richmond, A. D. Rogol, J. C. Lovejoy, M. Sheffield-Moore, N. Mauras, and C. Y. Bowers Endocrine Control of Body Composition in Infancy, Childhood, and Puberty Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2005; 26(1): 114 - 146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. D. Veldhuis, J. Patrie, L. Wideman, M. Patterson, J. Y. Weltman, and A. Weltman Contrasting Negative-Feedback Control of Endogenously Driven and Exercise-Stimulated Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion in Women and Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2004; 89(2): 840 - 846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D Armanini, D Faggian, C Scaroni, and M Plebani Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I in a Sydney Olympic gold medallist Br. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2002; 36(2): 148 - 149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. Wideman, J. Y. Weltman, J. T. Patrie, C. Y. Bowers, N. Shah, S. Story, A. Weltman, and J. D. Veldhuis Synergy of L-arginine and growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide-2 on GH release: influence of gender Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2000; 279(4): R1455 - R1466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Wideman, J. Y. Weltman, J. T. Patrie, C. Y. Bowers, N. Shah, S. Story, J. D. Veldhuis, and A. Weltman Synergy of L-arginine and GHRP-2 stimulation of growth hormone in men and women: modulation by exercise Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2000; 279(4): R1467 - R1477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. C. Hindmarsh, E. Dennison, S. M. Pincus, C. Cooper, C. H. D. Fall, D. R. Matthews, P. J. Pringle, and C. G. D. Brook A Sexually Dimorphic Pattern of Growth Hormone Secretion in the Elderly J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 1999; 84(8): 2679 - 2685. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 B. Eden Engstrom, F. A. Karlsson, and L. Wide Gender Differences in Diurnal Growth Hormone and Epinephrine Values in Young Adults during Ambulation Clin. Chem., August 1, 1999; 45(8): 1235 - 1239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Cappellin, R. Gatti, and E. F. De Palo Influence of Gender in Growth Hormone Status in Adults: Role of Urinary Growth Hormone Clin. Chem., March 1, 1999; 45(3): 443 - 444. [Full Text] [PDF]
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