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Molecular Diagnostics and Genetics |
Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University "Gabriele D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 1, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
a Author for correspondence. Fax 39-871-3555-4110; e-mail Cama{at}unich.it.
To optimize the labeling and visualization of PCR products we tested
different variables, including deoxynucleotide concentration and ratio,
dilution of labeled product, number of PCR cycles, and use of one-step
or nested labeling protocols. Labeling was achieved using a fixed
amount of labeled dATP, whose relative specific activity was varied by
adding increasing amounts of cold dATP. Optimal PCR-labeling intensity
was reached at dATP concentrations between 0.9 and 7.0 µmol/L, with a
peak at 1.8 µmol/L. This concentration corresponded to an optimal
ratio between the increase in specific activity and the decrease in DNA
yield. Nucleotide imbalances >1:2 were not advantageous. Mutational
analysis by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) was used
to validate PCR-labeling protocols. The limiting nucleotide
concentrations did not affect SSCP. Clear SSCP patterns were obtained
using DNA templates of different sizes derived from several genes. SSCP
patterns obtained using one-step or nested PCR-labeling protocols were
equivalent and were visualized after overnight exposure, using
[
35S]dATP as the label. Dilutions of labeled products
ranging between 1:10 and 1:2.5 influenced SSCP patterns, and the lowest
dilution tested produced better-defined and more-intense signals.
Optimized SSCP conditions allowed the detection of novel and previously
characterized nucleotide variants. Clear microsatellite typing was also
obtained using optimized protocols and [
35S]dATP as
the label.
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