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Clinical Chemistry 45: 1741-1746, 1999;
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(Clinical Chemistry. 1999;45:1741-1746.)
© 1999 American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc.

Articles

Presence of Donor- and Recipient-derived DNA in Cell-free Urine Samples of Renal Transplantation Recipients: Urinary DNA Chimerism

Jun Zhang1, Kwok-Lung Tong4, Philip K.T. Li6, Albert Y.W. Chan5, Chung-Kwong Yeung2, Calvin C.P. Pang3, Teresa Y.H. Wong6, Kam-Cheong Lee5 and Y.M. Dennis Lo1,a

Departments of
1 Chemical Pathology,
2 Surgery, and
3 Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.
Departments of
4 Medicine and
5 Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.
6 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.
a Address correspondence to this author at: Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Room 38023, 1/F Clinical Sciences Bldg., 30-32 Ngan Shing St., Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Fax 852-2194-6171; e-mail loym{at}cuhk.edu.hk

Background: Previous studies have indicated that microchimerism is present in body tissues, peripheral blood, and plasma of recipients after organ transplantation. We hypothesize that donor-derived DNA may also be present in cell-free urine of renal transplant recipients and that the concentrations of urine DNA may be correlated with graft rejection.

Methods: Thirty-one female patients who had renal transplantation were enrolled in the study. In women with male organ donors, the SRY gene on the Y chromosome was used as a marker for donor-derived DNA. Real-time quantitative PCR for the SRY and ß-globin genes was carried out on cell-free urinary DNA from these patients. Serial urine samples from a female renal transplant recipient undergoing an acute rejection episode were also collected and analyzed with the ß-globin quantitative PCR system.

Results: SRY sequences were detected in the urine of 14 of 17 female patients with male organ donors. None of the 14 patients with female organ donors had detectable SRY sequences in urinary DNA. The median fractional concentration of donor-derived DNA was 8.7% (interquartile range, 1.9–26.4%). During the acute rejection episode, urinary concentrations of the ß-globin gene were markedly increased, with the concentrations returning rapidly to normal following antirejection treatment.

Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that urinary DNA chimerism is present following renal transplantation. The measurement of urinary DNA using quantitative PCR may be useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of graft rejection.




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