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NeXstar Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2860 Wilderness Place, Boulder, CO 80301. Fax 303-444-0672; e-mail sumedha{at}nexstar.com
Antibodies, the most popular class of molecules providing molecular recognition needs for a wide range of applications, have been around for more than three decades. As a result, antibodies have made substantial contributions toward the advancement of diagnostic assays and have become indispensable in most diagnostic tests that are used routinely in clinics today. The development of the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process, however, made possible the isolation of oligonucleotide sequences with the capacity to recognize virtually any class of target molecules with high affinity and specificity. These oligonucleotide sequences, referred to as "aptamers", are beginning to emerge as a class of molecules that rival antibodies in both therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Aptamers are different from antibodies, yet they mimic properties of antibodies in a variety of diagnostic formats. The demand for diagnostic assays to assist in the management of existing and emerging diseases is increasing, and aptamers could potentially fulfill molecular recognition needs in those assays. Compared with the bellwether antibody technology, aptamer research is still in its infancy, but it is progressing at a fast pace. The potential of aptamers may be realized in the near future in the form of aptamer-based diagnostic products in the market. In such products, aptamers may play a key role either in conjunction with, or in place of, antibodies. It is also likely that existing diagnostic formats may change according to the need to better harness the unique properties of aptamers.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  J. S. Lin and K. P. McNatty Aptamer-Based Regionally Protected PCR for Protein Detection Clin. Chem., September 1, 2009; 55(9): 1686 - 1693. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. Xu and H. Shi Composite RNA aptamers as functional mimics of proteins Nucleic Acids Res., May 1, 2009; 37(9): e71 - e71. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z. Tang, P. Parekh, P. Turner, R. W. Moyer, and W. Tan Generating Aptamers for Recognition of Virus-Infected Cells Clin. Chem., April 1, 2009; 55(4): 813 - 822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. Bellecave, C. Cazenave, J. Rumi, C. Staedel, O. Cosnefroy, M.-L. Andreola, M. Ventura, L. Tarrago-Litvak, and T. Astier-Gin Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA Polymerase by DNA Aptamers: Mechanism of Inhibition of In Vitro RNA Synthesis and Effect on HCV-Infected Cells Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., June 1, 2008; 52(6): 2097 - 2110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. J. Boese and R. R. Breaker In vitro selection and characterization of cellulose-binding DNA aptamers Nucleic Acids Res., October 8, 2007; 35(19): 6378 - 6388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y.-Y. Li, C. Zhang, B.-S. Li, L.-F. Zhao, X.-b. Li, W.-J. Yang, and S.-Q. Xu Ultrasensitive Densitometry Detection of Cytokines with Nanoparticle-Modified Aptamers Clin. Chem., June 1, 2007; 53(6): 1061 - 1066. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Lin, J. Yan, Z. Huang, C. Altier, M. Li, N. Carrasco, M. Suyemoto, L. Johnston, S. Wang, Q. Wang, et al. Design and synthesis of boronic-acid-labeled thymidine triphosphate for incorporation into DNA Nucleic Acids Res., February 28, 2007; 35(4): 1222 - 1229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. N. Win, J. S. Klein, and C. D. Smolke Codeine-binding RNA aptamers and rapid determination of their binding constants using a direct coupling surface plasmon resonance assay Nucleic Acids Res., November 14, 2006; 34(19): 5670 - 5682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. Porschewski, M. A.-M. Grattinger, K. Klenzke, A. Erpenbach, M. R. Blind, and F. Schafer Using Aptamers as Capture Reagents in Bead-Based Assay Systems for Diagnostics and Hit Identification J Biomol Screen, October 1, 2006; 11(7): 773 - 781. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 D. Shangguan, Y. Li, Z. Tang, Z. C. Cao, H. W. Chen, P. Mallikaratchy, K. Sefah, C. J. Yang, and W. Tan From the Cover: Aptamers evolved from live cells as effective molecular probes for cancer study PNAS, August 8, 2006; 103(32): 11838 - 11843. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Inoue, N. Minakawa, and A. Matsuda Synthesis and properties of 4'-ThioDNA: unexpected RNA-like behavior of 4'-ThioDNA Nucleic Acids Res., July 19, 2006; 34(12): 3476 - 3483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. C. Chu, J. W. Marks III, L. A. Lavery, S. Faulkner, M. G. Rosenblum, A. D. Ellington, and M. Levy Aptamer:Toxin Conjugates that Specifically Target Prostate Tumor Cells. Cancer Res., June 15, 2006; 66(12): 5989 - 5992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Kato, N. Minakawa, Y. Komatsu, H. Kamiya, N. Ogawa, H. Harashima, and A. Matsuda New NTP analogs: the synthesis of 4'-thioUTP and 4'-thioCTP and their utility for SELEX Nucleic Acids Res., May 24, 2005; 33(9): 2942 - 2951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. A. Di Giusto, W. A. Wlassoff, J. J. Gooding, B. A. Messerle, and G. C. King Proximity extension of circular DNA aptamers with real-time protein detection Nucleic Acids Res., April 7, 2005; 33(6): e64 - e64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Dellaire, R. Nisman, C. H. Eskiw, and D. P. Bazett-Jones In situ imaging and isolation of proteins using dsDNA oligonucleotides Nucleic Acids Res., November 23, 2004; 32(20): e165 - e165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. A. Di Giusto and G. C. King Construction, Stability, and Activity of Multivalent Circular Anticoagulant Aptamers J. Biol. Chem., November 5, 2004; 279(45): 46483 - 46489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. S. Schmidt, S. Borkowski, J. Kurreck, A. W. Stephens, R. Bald, M. Hecht, M. Friebe, L. Dinkelborg, and V. A. Erdmann Application of locked nucleic acids to improve aptamer in vivo stability and targeting function Nucleic Acids Res., October 27, 2004; 32(19): 5757 - 5765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Weill, D. Louis, and B. Sargueil Selection and evolution of NTP-specific aptamers Nucleic Acids Res., September 27, 2004; 32(17): 5045 - 5058. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Hoshika, N. Minakawa, and A. Matsuda Synthesis and physical and physiological properties of 4'-thioRNA: application to post-modification of RNA aptamer toward NF-{kappa}B Nucleic Acids Res., July 19, 2004; 32(13): 3815 - 3825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. FAULHAMMER, B. ESCHGFALLER, S. STARK, P. BURGSTALLER, W. ENGLBERGER, J. ERFURTH, F. KLEINJUNG, J. RUPP, S. D. VULCU, W. SCHRODER, et al. Biostable aptamers with antagonistic properties to the neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ RNA, March 1, 2004; 10(3): 516 - 527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. F. Lee, J. R. Hesselberth, L. A. Meyers, and A. D. Ellington Aptamer Database Nucleic Acids Res., January 1, 2004; 32(90001): D95 - 100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Rajendran and A. D. Ellington In vitro selection of molecular beacons Nucleic Acids Res., October 1, 2003; 31(19): 5700 - 5713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Pileur, M.-L. Andreola, E. Dausse, J. Michel, S. Moreau, H. Yamada, S. A. Gaidamakov, R. J. Crouch, J.-J. Toulme, and C. Cazenave Selective inhibitory DNA aptamers of the human RNase H1 Nucleic Acids Res., October 1, 2003; 31(19): 5776 - 5788. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B Tavitian In vivo imaging with oligonucleotides for diagnosis and drug development Gut, June 1, 2003; 52(90004): iv40 - 47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. K. SILVERMAN Rube Goldberg goes (ribo)nuclear? Molecular switches and sensors made from RNA RNA, April 1, 2003; 9(4): 377 - 383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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O. Larsson, D. Thormeyer, A. Asinger, B. Wihlen, C. Wahlestedt, and Z. Liang Quantitative codon optimisation of DNA libraries encoding sub-random peptides: design and characterisation of a novel library encoding transmembrane domain peptides Nucleic Acids Res., December 1, 2002; 30(23): e133 - e133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. C. Cox, A. Hayhurst, J. Hesselberth, T. S. Bayer, G. Georgiou, and A. D. Ellington Automated selection of aptamers against protein targets translated in vitro: from gene to aptamer Nucleic Acids Res., October 15, 2002; 30(20): e108 - e108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Zichi, T. Koga, C. Greef, R. Ostroff, and H. Petach Photoaptamer Technology: Development of Multiplexed Microarray Protein Assays Clin. Chem., October 1, 2002; 48(10): 1865 - 1868. [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. E. Lupold, B. J. Hicke, Y. Lin, and D. S. Coffey Identification and Characterization of Nuclease-stabilized RNA Molecules That Bind Human Prostate Cancer Cells via the Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Cancer Res., July 15, 2002; 62(14): 4029 - 4033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Ulrich, M. H. Magdesian, M. J. M. Alves, and W. Colli In Vitro Selection of RNA Aptamers That Bind to Cell Adhesion Receptors of Trypanosoma cruzi and Inhibit Cell Invasion J. Biol. Chem., May 31, 2002; 277(23): 20756 - 20762. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Srisawat, I. J. Goldstein, and D. R. Engelke Sephadex-binding RNA ligands: rapid affinity purification of RNA from complex RNA mixtures Nucleic Acids Res., January 15, 2001; 29(2): e4 - e4. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Capaldi, R. C. Getts, and S. D. Jayasena Signal amplification through nucleotide extension and excision on a dendritic DNA platform Nucleic Acids Res., April 1, 2000; 28(7): e21 - e21. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. Hermann and D. J. Patel Adaptive Recognition by Nucleic Acid Aptamers Science, February 4, 2000; 287(5454): 820 - 825. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 R Swaminathan and M Wheeler Robotics into the millennium J. Clin. Pathol., January 1, 2000; 53(1): 22 - 26. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Blank, T. Weinschenk, M. Priemer, and H. Schluesener Systematic Evolution of a DNA Aptamer Binding to Rat Brain Tumor Microvessels. SELECTIVE TARGETING OF ENDOTHELIAL REGULATORY PROTEIN PIGPEN J. Biol. Chem., May 4, 2001; 276(19): 16464 - 16468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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