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Clinical Chemistry 46: 82-88, 2000;
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(Clinical Chemistry. 2000;46:82-88.)
© 2000 American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc.

Articles

Increased Glutathionyl Hemoglobin in Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperlipidemia Demonstrated by Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry

Toshimitsu Niwa1,a, Chika Naito1, Abdul Hassan Mohammed Mawjood2 and Kiyohiro Imai2

1 Nagoya University Daiko Medical Center, 1-1-20 Daiko-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-0047, Japan.

2 Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
a Author for correspondence. Fax 81-52-719-1875; e-mail tniwa{at}med.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Background: Erythrocytes contain a large amount of glutathione (GSH), which protects cells from oxidative injury. The purpose of this study was to examine whether hemoglobin (Hb) is modified with glutathione by oxidation of the thiol groups in diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, and to determine the oxygen affinity of glutathionyl Hb.

Methods: Hb samples obtained from patients with type 2 diabetes, patients with hyperlipidemia, and healthy subjects were analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). Glutathionyl Hb was synthesized in vitro by incubating Hb with GSH. The oxygen affinity of glutathionyl Hb was determined by measuring its oxygen dissociation curve.

Results: We first demonstrated that the concentration of glutathionyl Hbß chains is markedly increased in the diabetic patients and hyperlipidemic patients compared with healthy subjects. The in vitro synthesis of glutathionyl Hb by incubation of Hb with GSH was enhanced by adding H2O2, a reactive oxygen species, into the incubation solution. The glutathionyl Hb prepared in vitro by incubating Hb with GSH showed a marked increase in oxygen affinity and a marked decrease in the Hill coefficient compared with Hb incubated without GSH.

Conclusions: Glutathionyl Hb may be useful as a clinical marker of oxidative stress. The increased concentrations of glutathionyl Hb with high oxygen affinity and low cooperativity in diabetes and hyperlipidemia may lead to reduced tissue oxygen delivery.




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