| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Articles |
1
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, University Hospital Malmö, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
2
Department of Biotechnology, Turku University, 20520
Turku, Finland.
a Author for correspondence. Fax 46-40-33-70-43; e-mail charlotte.becker{at}klkemi.mas.lu.se
Background: Human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) is expressed in the prostate and is present in serum from men with prostate cancer. Specific detection in serum is difficult mainly because of low concentrations and immunological cross-reactivity with prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Our objectives were to design an assay with improved analytical detection and functional sensitivity and nonsignificant cross-reactivity with PSA, and to characterize different immunoreactive forms of hK2.
Methods: In the assay, critical PSA epitopes were blocked with four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for PSA. Subsequently, hK2 was captured using a MAb against hK2 (5% cross-reactivity with PSA), and after washing, hK2 was detected by a europium-labeled MAb with identical affinity for hK2 and PSA.
Results: The analytical detection limit was <10 ng/L,
and functional sensitivity was 30 ng/L. Cross-reaction with PSA was
<0.01%. Between-assay imprecision was 3.1% for 1600 ng/L hK2 and
4.8% for 160 ng/L hK2; corresponding values for within-assay precision
were 1.9% and 4.5%, respectively. Complexes of
hK2-
1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) were detected in vitro with
-6% bias compared with the free form of hK2. Gel filtration of
patient samples showed that hK2 correlated in size mainly with free
hK2; only 4–19% corresponded to hK2 possibly complexed with ACT or
protein C inhibitor.
Conclusions: Our assay had extremely low cross-reactivity with PSA, provided a very low detection limit, and allowed close to equimolar detection of the free and complexed forms of hK2. Moreover, we found that free hK2 is the predominant immunoreactive form of hK2 in serum.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
|
|
 |
|
  H. Lilja, D. Ulmert, T. Bjork, C. Becker, A. M. Serio, J.-A. Nilsson, P.-A. Abrahamsson, A. J. Vickers, and G. Berglund Long-Term Prediction of Prostate Cancer Up to 25 Years Before Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Using Prostate Kallikreins Measured at Age 44 to 50 Years J. Clin. Oncol., February 1, 2007; 25(4): 431 - 436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Steuber, A. J. Vickers, A. M. Serio, V. Vaisanen, A. Haese, K. Pettersson, J. A. Eastham, P. T. Scardino, H. Huland, and H. Lilja Comparison of Free and Total Forms of Serum Human Kallikrein 2 and Prostate-Specific Antigen for Prediction of Locally Advanced and Recurrent Prostate Cancer Clin. Chem., February 1, 2007; 53(2): 233 - 240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Vaisanen, S. Eriksson, K. K. Ivaska, H. Lilja, M. Nurmi, and K. Pettersson Development of Sensitive Immunoassays for Free and Total Human Glandular Kallikrein 2 Clin. Chem., September 1, 2004; 50(9): 1607 - 1617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Zapico-Muniz, M. Santalo-Bel, J. Merce-Muntanola, J. A. Montiel, A. Martinez-Rubio, and J. Ordonez-Llanos Ischemia-Modified Albumin during Skeletal Muscle Ischemia Clin. Chem., June 1, 2004; 50(6): 1063 - 1065. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A. Borgono, I. P. Michael, and E. P. Diamandis Human Tissue Kallikreins: Physiologic Roles and Applications in Cancer Mol. Cancer Res., May 1, 2004; 2(5): 257 - 280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Haese, V. Vaisanen, J. A. Finlay, K. Pettersson, H. G. Rittenhouse, A. W. Partin, D. J. Bruzek, L. J. Sokoll, H. Lilja, and D. W. Chan Standardization of Two Immunoassays for Human Glandular Kallikrein 2 Clin. Chem., April 1, 2003; 49(4): 601 - 610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. G. Blijenberg, M. F. Wildhagen, C. H. Bangma, J. A. Finlay, V. Vaisanen, and F. H. Schroder Comparison of Two Assays for Human Kallikrein 2 Clin. Chem., February 1, 2003; 49(2): 243 - 247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S Jain, A G Bhojwani, and J K Mellon Improving the utility of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: the use of PSA derivatives and novel markers Postgrad. Med. J., November 1, 2002; 78(925): 646 - 650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Finlay, J. R. Day, C. L. Evans, R. Carlson, K. Kuus-Reichel, L. S. Millar, S. D. Mikolajczyk, M. Goodmanson, G. G. Klee, and H. G. Rittenhouse Development of a Dual Monoclonal Antibody Immunoassay for Total Human Kallikrein 2 Clin. Chem., July 1, 2001; 47(7): 1218 - 1224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. M. Yousef and E. P. Diamandis The New Human Tissue Kallikrein Gene Family: Structure, Function, and Association to Disease Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2001; 22(2): 184 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Stephan, K. Jung, M. Lein, P. Sinha, D. Schnorr, and S. A. Loening Molecular Forms of Prostate-specific Antigen and Human Kallikrein 2 as Promising Tools for Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2000; 9(11): 1133 - 1147. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
