| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Articles |
Institute of Clinical Neuroscience,
1
Psychiatry Section and
8
Unit of Neurochemistry, Göteborg University, SE 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.
2
Innogenetics, Industriepark, Zwijnaarde 7, Box 4, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
3
Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Neurotec, Karolinska Institute, SE 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
Institute of Clinical Neuroscience,
4
Neurology and
5
Epidemiology Sections, Göteborg University, SE 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
6
Institute of Geriatric Medicine, University of Health, 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
7
River Valley Hospital, 94128 Piteå, Sweden.
9
The Medical Research Council, Box 7151, 103 88 Stockholm, Sweden.
aAddress correspondence to this author at: Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Mölndal, SE 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden. Fax 46-31-7769055; e-mail magnus.sjogren{at}medfak.gu.se.
Background: Tau protein and the 42-amino acid form of ß-amyloid (Aß42) measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been proposed as potential biochemical diagnostic markers for Alzheimer disease. For the introduction of these assays in clinical practice, adequate reference values are of importance.
Methods: CSF samples were obtained from 231 neurologically and psychiatrically healthy individuals, 21–93 years of age, all with a MiniMental State examination score of 28 or above. Standardized ELISAs were used to measure tau and Aß42 in CSF. Following IFCC recommendations, we used a rank-based method; the 0.90 and 0.10 fractiles were estimated to establish reference values for CSF-tau and CSF-Aß42, respectively. Putative confounding factors, such as the influence of the passage of proteins from peripheral blood to CSF, influence of dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, and freezing and thawing of CSF, were investigated.
Results: A correlation with age was found for CSF-tau (r = 0.60; P <0.001). Therefore, separate reference values for different age groups were established for CSF-tau: <300 ng/L in the group 21–50 years of age, <450 ng/L in the group 51–70 years of age, and <500 ng/L in the group 71–93 years of age. CSF-Aß42 did not correlate with age (r = -0.045), and the reference value was set to >500 ng/L. No correlation was found between blood-brain barrier function and CSF-tau or CSF-Aß42.
Conclusions: These reference values can be applied when using CSF-tau and CSF-Aß42 in clinical practice.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
|
|
 |
|
  N. Mattsson, H. Zetterberg, O. Hansson, N. Andreasen, L. Parnetti, M. Jonsson, S.-K. Herukka, W. M. van der Flier, M. A. Blankenstein, M. Ewers, et al. CSF Biomarkers and Incipient Alzheimer Disease in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment JAMA, July 22, 2009; 302(4): 385 - 393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N A Verwey, W M van der Flier, K Blennow, C Clark, S Sokolow, P P De Deyn, D Galasko, H Hampel, T Hartmann, E Kapaki, et al. A worldwide multicentre comparison of assays for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease Ann Clin Biochem, May 1, 2009; 46(3): 235 - 240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Tapiola, I. Alafuzoff, S.-K. Herukka, L. Parkkinen, P. Hartikainen, H. Soininen, and T. Pirttila Cerebrospinal Fluid {beta}-Amyloid 42 and Tau Proteins as Biomarkers of Alzheimer-Type Pathologic Changes in the Brain Arch Neurol, March 1, 2009; 66(3): 382 - 389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A.M. Fjell, K.B. Walhovd, I. Amlien, A. Bjornerud, I. Reinvang, L. Gjerstad, T. Cappelen, F. Willoch, P. Due-Tonnessen, R. Grambaite, et al. Morphometric Changes in the Episodic Memory Network and Tau Pathologic Features Correlate with Memory Performance in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., June 1, 2008; 29(6): 1183 - 1189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. S.M. Reijn, M. O. Rikkert, W. J.A. van Geel, D. de Jong, and M. M. Verbeek Diagnostic Accuracy of ELISA and xMAP Technology for Analysis of Amyloid {beta}42 and Tau Proteins Clin. Chem., May 1, 2007; 53(5): 859 - 865. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Sunderland, H. Hampel, M. Takeda, K. T. Putnam, and R. M. Cohen Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: Are We Ready? J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, September 1, 2006; 19(3): 172 - 179. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. de Jong, R. W. M. M. Jansen, B. P. H. Kremer, and M. M. Verbeek Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid {beta}42/Phosphorylated Tau Ratio Discriminates Between Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., July 1, 2006; 61(7): 755 - 758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. R. Peskind, G. Li, J. Shofer, J. F. Quinn, J. A. Kaye, C. M. Clark, M. R. Farlow, C. DeCarli, M. A. Raskind, G. D. Schellenberg, et al. Age and Apolipoprotein E*4 Allele Effects on Cerebrospinal Fluid beta-Amyloid 42 in Adults With Normal Cognition. Arch Neurol, July 1, 2006; 63(7): 936 - 939. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Brettschneider, A. Petzold, S. D. Sussmuth, A. C. Ludolph, and H. Tumani Axonal damage markers in cerebrospinal fluid are increased in ALS Neurology, March 28, 2006; 66(6): 852 - 856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J Brettschneider, M Maier, S Arda, A Claus, S D Sussmuth, J Kassubek, and H Tumani Tau protein level in cerebrospinal fluid is increased in patients with early multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, June 1, 2005; 11(3): 261 - 265. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-K. Herukka, M. Hallikainen, H. Soininen, and T. Pirttila CSF A{beta}42 and tau or phosphorylated tau and prediction of progressive mild cognitive impairment Neurology, April 12, 2005; 64(7): 1294 - 1297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. S.M. Schoonenboom, C. Mulder, H. Vanderstichele, E.-J. Van Elk, A. Kok, G. J. Van Kamp, P. Scheltens, and M. A. Blankenstein Effects of Processing and Storage Conditions on Amyloid {beta} (1-42) and Tau Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Implications for Use in Clinical Practice Clin. Chem., January 1, 2005; 51(1): 189 - 195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Alberici, C Gobbo, A Panzacchi, F Nicosia, R Ghidoni, L Benussi, C Hock, A Papassotiropoulos, P Liberini, J H Growdon, et al. Frontotemporal dementia: impact of P301L tau mutation on a healthy carrier J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, November 1, 2004; 75(11): 1607 - 1610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. S.M. Schoonenboom, Y. A.L. Pijnenburg, C. Mulder, S. M. Rosso, E. -J. Van Elk, G. J. Van Kamp, J. C. Van Swieten, and Ph. Scheltens Amyloid {beta}(1-42) and phosphorylated tau in CSF as markers for early-onset Alzheimer disease Neurology, May 11, 2004; 62(9): 1580 - 1584. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Franz, R. Beer, A. Kampfl, K. Engelhardt, E. Schmutzhard, H. Ulmer, and F. Deisenhammer Amyloid beta 1-42 and tau in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury Neurology, May 13, 2003; 60(9): 1457 - 1461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Sunderland, G. Linker, N. Mirza, K. T. Putnam, D. L. Friedman, L. H. Kimmel, J. Bergeson, G. J. Manetti, M. Zimmermann, B. Tang, et al. Decreased {beta}-Amyloid1-42 and Increased Tau Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Alzheimer Disease JAMA, April 23, 2003; 289(16): 2094 - 2103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Strozyk, K. Blennow, L. R. White, and L. J. Launer CSF A{beta} 42 levels correlate with amyloid-neuropathology in a population-based autopsy study Neurology, February 25, 2003; 60(4): 652 - 656. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Riemenschneider, S. Wagenpfeil, J. Diehl, N. Lautenschlager, T. Theml, B. Heldmann, A. Drzezga, T. Jahn, H. Forstl, and A. Kurz Tau and A{beta}42 protein in CSF of patients with frontotemporal degeneration Neurology, June 11, 2002; 58(11): 1622 - 1628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
