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1
Department of Pharmacology, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèedica (IMIM), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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Clinical Biochemistry Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanitèa, 00161 Roma, Italy.
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Universitat Autèonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
aAddress correspondence to this author at: Drug Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèedica (IMIM), C/Doctor Aiguader 80, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. Fax 34-93-2213237; e-mail rtorre{at}imim.es.
Background: Saliva is an alternative biologic matrix for drugs-of-abuse testing that offers the advantages of noninvasive, rapid, and easy sampling. We studied the excretion profile of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its metabolites in both saliva and plasma, as well the effect of the drug on salivary pH.
Methods: Saliva and plasma samples were obtained from eight healthy MDMA consumers after ingestion of a single 100-mg dose of the drug. Concentrations of MDMA and its main metabolites, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA), in saliva and plasma were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Apparent pharmacokinetic parameters for MDMA in saliva were estimated, and the saliva-to-plasma ratio at each time interval was calculated and correlated with salivary pH.
Results: MDMA, MDA, and HMMA were detected in saliva. Salivary concentrations of MDMA were 1728.9–6510.6 µg/L and peaked at 1.5 h after drug intake. This was followed by a progressive decrease, with a mean concentration of 126.2 µg/L at 24 h. The saliva-to-plasma ratio was 32.3–1.2, with a peak of 18.1 at 1.5 h after drug administration. Salivary pH seemed to be affected by MDMA administration; pH values decreased by 0.6 units (mean pH values of 6.9 and 6.8 at 1.5 and 4 h after drug administration vs predose pH of 7.4).
Conclusions: Measurement of MDMA in saliva is a valuable alternative to determination of plasma drug concentrations in both clinical and toxicologic studies. On-site testing is also facilitated by noninvasive and rapid collection of salivary specimens.
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