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1
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5 Canada.
2
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L5 Canada.
3
Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research
Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R9 Canada.
4
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology,
University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7 Canada.
a Address correspondence to this author at: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5 Canada. Fax 416-586-8628; e-mail
ediamandis{at}mtsinai.on.ca.
Background: The human kallikrein 10 gene [KLK10, also known as normal epithelial cell-specific 1 gene (NES1)] is a member of the human kallikrein gene family. The KLK10 gene encodes for a secreted serine protease (hK10). We hypothesize that hK10 is secreted into various biological fluids and that its concentration changes in some disease states. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and specific immunoassay for hK10.
Methods: Recombinant hK10 protein was produced and purified using a Pichia pastoris yeast expression system. The protein was used as an immunogen to generate mouse and rabbit polyclonal anti-hK10 antisera. A sandwich-type immunofluorometric assay was then developed using these antibodies.
Results: The hK10 immunoassay has a detection limit of 0.05 µg/L. The assay is specific for hK10 and has no detectable cross-reactivity with other homologous kallikrein proteins, such as prostate-specific antigen (hK3), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), and human kallikrein 6 (hK6). The assay was linear from 0 to 20 µg/L with within- and between-run CVs <10%. hK10 is expressed in many tissues, including the salivary glands, skin, and colon and is also detectable in biological fluids, including breast milk, seminal plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, and serum.
Conclusions: We report development of the first immunofluorometric assay for hK10 and describe the distribution of hK10 in biological fluids and tissue extracts. This assay can be used to examine the value of hK10 as a disease biomarker.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  V. Kulasingam and E. P. Diamandis Proteomics Analysis of Conditioned Media from Three Breast Cancer Cell Lines: A Mine for Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Mol. Cell. Proteomics, November 1, 2007; 6(11): 1997 - 2011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. L.V. Shaw and E. P. Diamandis Distribution of 15 Human Kallikreins in Tissues and Biological Fluids Clin. Chem., August 1, 2007; 53(8): 1423 - 1432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. Dorn, M. Schmitt, R. Kates, B. Schmalfeldt, M. Kiechle, A. Scorilas, E. P. Diamandis, and N. Harbeck Primary Tumor Levels of Human Tissue Kallikreins Affect Surgical Success and Survival in Ovarian Cancer Patients Clin. Cancer Res., March 15, 2007; 13(6): 1742 - 1748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. A. Borgono, I. P. Michael, J. L. V. Shaw, L.-Y. Luo, M. C. Ghosh, A. Soosaipillai, L. Grass, D. Katsaros, and E. P. Diamandis Expression and Functional Characterization of the Cancer-related Serine Protease, Human Tissue Kallikrein 14 J. Biol. Chem., January 26, 2007; 282(4): 2405 - 2422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. H. Slagter, A. Scorilas, L. J.G. Gooren, W. de Ronde, A. Soosaipillai, E. J. Giltay, M. Paliouras, and E. P. Diamandis Effect of Testosterone Administration on Serum and Urine Kallikrein Concentrations in Female-to-Male Transsexuals Clin. Chem., August 1, 2006; 52(8): 1546 - 1551. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. H. Slagter, L. J.G. Gooren, W. de Ronde, A. Soosaipillai, A. Scorilas, E. J. Giltay, M. Paliouras, and E. P. Diamandis Serum and Urine Tissue Kallikrein Concentrations in Male-to-Female Transsexuals Treated with Antiandrogens and Estrogens Clin. Chem., July 1, 2006; 52(7): 1356 - 1365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. V. Obiezu, S. J.C. Shan, A. Soosaipillai, L.-Y. Luo, L. Grass, G. Sotiropoulou, C. D. Petraki, P. A. Papanastasiou, M. A. Levesque, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 4: Quantitative Study in Tissues and Evidence for Its Secretion into Biological Fluids Clin. Chem., August 1, 2005; 51(8): 1432 - 1442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. P. Michael, G. Sotiropoulou, G. Pampalakis, A. Magklara, M. Ghosh, G. Wasney, and E. P. Diamandis Biochemical and Enzymatic Characterization of Human Kallikrein 5 (hK5), a Novel Serine Protease Potentially Involved in Cancer Progression J. Biol. Chem., April 15, 2005; 280(15): 14628 - 14635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. A. Borgono, I. P. Michael, and E. P. Diamandis Human Tissue Kallikreins: Physiologic Roles and Applications in Cancer Mol. Cancer Res., May 1, 2004; 2(5): 257 - 280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Kishi, A. Soosaipillai, L. Grass, S. P. Little, E. M. Johnstone, and E. P. Diamandis Development of an Immunofluorometric Assay and Quantification of Human Kallikrein 7 in Tissue Extracts and Biological Fluids Clin. Chem., April 1, 2004; 50(4): 709 - 716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. C. Papageorgiou, A. Pourdjabbar, A. A. Amfilochiadis, E. P. Diamandis, F. Boomsma, and D. H. Osmond Are cardiovascular and sympathoadrenal effects of human "new pressor protein" preparations attributable to human coagulation {beta}-FXIIa? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2004; 286(3): H837 - H846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. A. Borgono, L. Grass, A. Soosaipillai, G. M. Yousef, C. D. Petraki, D. H. C. Howarth, S. Fracchioli, D. Katsaros, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 14: A New Potential Biomarker for Ovarian and Breast Cancer Cancer Res., December 15, 2003; 63(24): 9032 - 9041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. M. Yousef, M.-E. Polymeris, L. Grass, A. Soosaipillai, P.-C. Chan, A. Scorilas, C. Borgono, N. Harbeck, B. Schmalfeldt, J. Dorn, et al. Human Kallikrein 5: A Potential Novel Serum Biomarker for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Cancer Res., July 15, 2003; 63(14): 3958 - 3965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. M. Yousef, M.-E. Polymeris, G. M. Yacoub, A. Scorilas, A. Soosaipillai, C. Popalis, S. Fracchioli, D. Katsaros, and E. P. Diamandis Parallel Overexpression of Seven Kallikrein Genes in Ovarian Cancer Cancer Res., May 1, 2003; 63(9): 2223 - 2227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. D. Petraki, V. N. Karavana, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 13 Expression in Normal Tissues: An Immunohistochemical Study J. Histochem. Cytochem., April 1, 2003; 51(4): 493 - 501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L.-Y. Luo, D. Katsaros, A. Scorilas, S. Fracchioli, R. Bellino, M. van Gramberen, H. de Bruijn, A. Henrik, U.-H. Stenman, M. Massobrio, et al. The Serum Concentration of Human Kallikrein 10 Represents a Novel Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis Cancer Res., February 15, 2003; 63(4): 807 - 811. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Kapadia, A. Chang, G. Sotiropoulou, G. M. Yousef, L. Grass, A. Soosaipillai, X. Xing, D. H.C. Howarth, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 13: Production and Purification of Recombinant Protein and Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies, and Development of a Sensitive and Specific Immunofluorometric Assay Clin. Chem., January 1, 2003; 49(1): 77 - 86. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Kishi, L. Grass, A. Soosaipillai, C. Shimizu-Okabe, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 8: Immunoassay Development and Identification in Tissue Extracts and Biological Fluids Clin. Chem., January 1, 2003; 49(1): 87 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. D. Petraki, V. N. Karavana, L.-Y. Luo, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 10 Expression in Normal Tissues by Immunohistochemistry J. Histochem. Cytochem., September 1, 2002; 50(9): 1247 - 1261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. V. Obiezu, A. Soosaipillai, K. Jung, C. Stephan, A. Scorilas, D. H. C. Howarth, and E. P. Diamandis Detection of Human Kallikrein 4 in Healthy and Cancerous Prostatic Tissues by Immunofluorometry and Immunohistochemistry Clin. Chem., August 1, 2002; 48(8): 1232 - 1240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. A. Groneberg, F. Doring, S. Theis, M. Nickolaus, A. Fischer, and H. Daniel Peptide transport in the mammary gland: expression and distribution of PEPT2 mRNA and protein Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2002; 282(5): E1172 - E1179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. P. Diamandis, A. Okui, S. Mitsui, L.-Y. Luo, A. Soosaipillai, L. Grass, T. Nakamura, D. J. C. Howarth, and N. Yamaguchi Human Kallikrein 11: A New Biomarker of Prostate and Ovarian Carcinoma Cancer Res., January 1, 2002; 62(1): 295 - 300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. M. Yousef, L. G. Kyriakopoulou, A. Scorilas, S. Fracchioli, B. Ghiringhello, M. Zarghooni, A. Chang, M. Diamandis, G. Giardina, W. J. Hartwick, et al. Quantitative Expression of the Human Kallikrein Gene 9 (KLK9) in Ovarian Cancer: A New Independent and Favorable Prognostic Marker Cancer Res., November 1, 2001; 61(21): 7811 - 7818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L.-Y. Luo, D. Katsaros, A. Scorilas, S. Fracchioli, R. Piccinno, I. A. Rigault de la Longrais, D. J. C. Howarth, and E. P. Diamandis Prognostic Value of Human Kallikrein 10 Expression in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2001; 7(8): 2372 - 2379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 G. M. Yousef and E. P. Diamandis The New Human Tissue Kallikrein Gene Family: Structure, Function, and Association to Disease Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2001; 22(2): 184 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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