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Clinical Chemistry 47: 393-402, 2001;
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(Clinical Chemistry. 2001;47:393-402.)
© 2001 American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc.

Articles

Miniaturization Technologies for Molecular Diagnostics

Ronald C. McGlennen1

1 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455. Fax 612-273-6994; e-mail mcgle001{at}tc.umn.edu.

Background: Molecular diagnostics devices are becoming smaller. With the advancement of miniaturization technologies, microchip-based systems will soon be available for genetic testing. The purpose of this review is to highlight the underlying principles in miniaturization, the strategies being developed for bioanalysis, and the potential impact on the practice of this rapidly growing medical discipline.

Approach: The author discusses DNA microchips and their practical importation into the clinical laboratory, based on his background in medical device and microchip design and development. His discussion is supported by a body of literature covering both biomedical and electrical engineering and more recent publications in the field of molecular genetics and pathology.

Content: This review is descriptive and intended to outline the technologic and methodologic approaches to the creation of an integrated genetic analysis instrument based on miniature components. The review draws on published scientific evaluations of these devices without regard to the companies involved in their development.

Summary: The intent of this review is that the reader will better understand the variety of technical approaches toward the miniaturization of molecular genetic testing for the clinical laboratory. With insight into the principles underlying the operation of these chips and the integrated systems, the end user can better evaluate the value to the field in terms of making molecular genetics testing simpler, faster, and less expensive.




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J. E. Koehne, H. Chen, A. M. Cassell, Q. Ye, J. Han, M. Meyyappan, and J. Li
Miniaturized Multiplex Label-Free Electronic Chip for Rapid Nucleic Acid Analysis Based on Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectrode Arrays
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L. J. Kricka and P. Fortina
Microchips: An All-Language Literature Survey Including Books and Patents
Clin. Chem., September 1, 2002; 48(9): 1620 - 1622.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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