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Articles |
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Department of Molecular Oncology,
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John Wayne Cancer Clinic,
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Division Gastrointestinal Surgery, and
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Joyce Eisenberg Keefer Breast Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA 90404.
a Address correspondence to this author at: Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd., Santa Monica, CA 90404. Fax 310-449-5282; e-mail
hoon{at}jwci.org.
Background: The human melanoma-associated antigen family A (MAGE-A) has high specificity and expression in various malignancies, but individual family members are expressed at low frequency in any one particular type of cancer. We therefore developed a method to detect mRNAs from multiple MAGE-A genes in a single reaction.
Methods: Universal MAGE-A (uMAGE-A) primers and probe were designed to reverse-transcribe, amplify, and detect by electrochemiluminescence (ECL) MAGE-A mRNAs on the Origen Analyzer. The assay was performed on total RNA of melanoma (n = 9 cell lines and 24 tumors), breast cancer (n = 7 and 26), and colorectal cancer (CRC; n = 5 and 12). We also evaluated blood from melanoma (n = 50), breast cancer (n = 16), and CRC (n = 21) patients.
Results: The uMAGE-A mRNA was detectable in 0.01–1 ng of cell line RNA. The identity of the uMAGE-A cDNA products was confirmed by sequencing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The uMAGE-A assay increased detection of melanoma, breast cancer, and CRC tumor by 13%, 31%, and 25%, respectively, compared with a MAGE-A1 assay, and by 17%, 19%, and 25%, respectively, compared with a MAGE-A3 assay. The uMAGE-A assay detected circulating tumor cells in the blood of melanoma (24%), breast cancer (25%), and CRC (29%) patients.
Conclusions: The uMAGE-A reverse transcription-PCR/ECL assay provides a practical and sensitive approach for detection of various metastatic cancers in tissues and blood.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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 S. Hundt, U. Haug, and H. Brenner Blood Markers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2007; 16(10): 1935 - 1953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Nakagawa, S. R. Martinez, Y. Goto, K. Koyanagi, M. Kitago, T. Shingai, D. A. Elashoff, X. Ye, F. R. Singer, A. E. Giuliano, et al. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Early-Stage Breast Cancer Metastasis to Axillary Lymph Nodes Clin. Cancer Res., July 15, 2007; 13(14): 4105 - 4110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Torisu-Itakura, J. H. Lee, R. P. Scheri, Y. Huynh, X. Ye, R. Essner, and D. L. Morton Molecular Characterization of Inflammatory Genes in Sentinel and Nonsentinel Nodes in Melanoma Clin. Cancer Res., June 1, 2007; 13(11): 3125 - 3132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. F.G. de Maat, N. Umetani, E. Sunami, R. R. Turner, and D. S.B. Hoon Assessment of Methylation Events during Colorectal Tumor Progression by Absolute Quantitative Analysis of Methylated Alleles Mol. Cancer Res., May 1, 2007; 5(5): 461 - 471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Wischnewski, K. Pantel, and H. Schwarzenbach Promoter Demethylation and Histone Acetylation Mediate Gene Expression of MAGE-A1, -A2, -A3, and -A12 in Human Cancer Cells Mol. Cancer Res., May 1, 2006; 4(5): 339 - 349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Koyanagi, S. J. O'Day, R. Gonzalez, K. Lewis, W. A. Robinson, T. T. Amatruda, C. Kuo, H.-J. Wang, R. Milford, D. L. Morton, et al. Microphthalmia Transcription Factor as a Molecular Marker for Circulating Tumor Cell Detection in Blood of Melanoma Patients Clin. Cancer Res., February 15, 2006; 12(4): 1137 - 1143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 K. Koyanagi, S. J. O'Day, R. Gonzalez, K. Lewis, W. A. Robinson, T. T. Amatruda, H.-J. Wang, R. M. Elashoff, H. Takeuchi, N. Umetani, et al. Serial Monitoring of Circulating Melanoma Cells During Neoadjuvant Biochemotherapy for Stage III Melanoma: Outcome Prediction in a Multicenter Trial J. Clin. Oncol., November 1, 2005; 23(31): 8057 - 8064. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Takeuchi, J. Kim, A. Fujimoto, N. Umetani, T. Mori, A. Bilchik, R. Turner, A. Tran, C. Kuo, and D. S.B. Hoon X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Expression Level in Colorectal Cancer Is Regulated by Hepatocyte Growth Factor/C-Met Pathway via Akt Signaling Clin. Cancer Res., November 1, 2005; 11(21): 7621 - 7628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Koyanagi, C. Kuo, T. Nakagawa, T. Mori, H. Ueno, A. R. Lorico Jr, H.-J. Wang, E. Hseuh, S. J. O'Day, and D. S.B. Hoon Multimarker Quantitative Real-Time PCR Detection of Circulating Melanoma Cells in Peripheral Blood: Relation to Disease Stage in Melanoma Patients Clin. Chem., June 1, 2005; 51(6): 981 - 988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. H. Lee, H. Torisu-Itakara, A. J. Cochran, A. Kadison, Y. Huynh, D. L. Morton, and R. Essner Quantitative Analysis of Melanoma-Induced Cytokine-Mediated Immunosuppression in Melanoma Sentinel Nodes Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2005; 11(1): 107 - 112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Takeuchi, D. L. Morton, C. Kuo, R. R. Turner, D. Elashoff, R. Elashoff, B. Taback, A. Fujimoto, and D. S.B. Hoon Prognostic Significance of Molecular Upstaging of Paraffin-Embedded Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Melanoma Patients J. Clin. Oncol., July 1, 2004; 22(13): 2671 - 2680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. A. Wascher, D. L. Morton, C. Kuo, R. M. Elashoff, H.-J. Wang, M. Gerami, and D. S.B. Hoon Molecular Tumor Markers in the Blood: Early Prediction of Disease Outcome in Melanoma Patients Treated With a Melanoma Vaccine J. Clin. Oncol., July 1, 2003; 21(13): 2558 - 2563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. A. Wascher, K. T. Huynh, A. E. Giuliano, N. M. Hansen, F. R. Singer, D. Elashoff, and D. S. B. Hoon Stanniocalcin-1: A Novel Molecular Blood and Bone Marrow Marker for Human Breast Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2003; 9(4): 1427 - 1435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Takeuchi, A. Bilchik, S. Saha, R. Turner, D. Wiese, M. Tanaka, C. Kuo, H.-J. Wang, and D. S. B. Hoon c-MET Expression Level in Primary Colon Cancer: A Predictor of Tumor Invasion and Lymph Node Metastases Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2003; 9(4): 1480 - 1488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. Takeuchi, C. Kuo, D. L. Morton, H.-J. Wang, and D. S. B. Hoon Expression of Differentiation Melanoma-associated Antigen Genes Is Associated with Favorable Disease Outcome in Advanced-Stage Melanomas Cancer Res., January 15, 2003; 63(2): 441 - 448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. J. Bilchik, D. T. Nora, S. Saha, R. Turner, D. Wiese, C. Kuo, X. Ye, D. L. Morton, and D. S. B. Hoon The Use of Molecular Profiling of Early Colorectal Cancer to Predict Micrometastases Arch Surg, December 1, 2002; 137(12): 1377 - 1383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Kufer, A. Zippelius, R. Lutterbuse, I. Mecklenburg, T. Enzmann, A. Montag, D. Weckermann, B. Passlick, N. Prang, P. Reichardt, et al. Heterogeneous Expression of MAGE-A Genes in Occult Disseminated Tumor Cells: A Novel Multimarker Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosis of Micrometastatic Disease Cancer Res., January 1, 2002; 62(1): 251 - 261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Zammatteo, L. Lockman, F. Brasseur, E. De Plaen, C. Lurquin, P.-E. Lobert, S. Hamels, T. Boon, and J. Remacle DNA Microarray to Monitor the Expression of MAGE-A Genes Clin. Chem., January 1, 2002; 48(1): 25 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Taback, A. D. Chan, C. T. Kuo, P. J. Bostick, H.-J. Wang, A. E. Giuliano, and D. S. B. Hoon Detection of Occult Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells in Blood by a Multimolecular Marker Assay: Correlation with Clinical Stage of Disease Cancer Res., December 1, 2001; 61(24): 8845 - 8850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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