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Clinical Chemistry 47: 673-680, 2001;
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(Clinical Chemistry. 2001;47:673-680.)
© 2001 American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc.

Articles

Highly Sensitive, Automated Immunoassay for Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in Serum and Urine

Arthur R. Bradwell1,a, Hugh D. Carr-Smith2, Graham P. Mead2, Lian X. Tang2, Paul J. Showell2, Mark T. Drayson1 and Roger Drew2

1 Department of Immunology, The Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

2 The Binding Site, PO Box 4073, Birmingham B29 6AT, United Kingdom.
a Author for correspondence. E-mail a.r.bradwell{at}bham.ac.uk.

Background: Bence Jones proteins or monoclonal immunoglobulin {kappa} and {lambda} free light chains (FLCs) are important markers for identifying and monitoring many patients with B-cell tumors. Automated immunoassays that measure FLCs in urine and serum have considerable clinical potential.

Methods: Sheep antibodies, specific for FLCs, were prepared by immunization with pure {kappa} and {lambda} molecules and then adsorbed extensively against whole immunoglobulins. The antibodies were conjugated onto latex particles and used to assay {kappa} and {lambda} FLCs on the Beckman IMMAGETM protein analyzer.

Results: The unconjugated antibodies showed minimal cross-reactivity with intact immunoglobulins or other proteins. With latex-conjugated antibodies, {kappa} and {lambda} FLCs could be measured in normal sera and most normal urine samples. Patients with multiple myeloma had increased concentrations of the relevant serum FLC, whereas both FLCs were increased in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Conclusions: We developed sensitive, automated immunoassays for {kappa} and {lambda} FLC measurements in serum and urine that should facilitate the assessment of patients with light chain abnormalities.




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