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1
Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
2
Mycobacterial Reference Laboratory, National Public
Health Institute, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, 20520 Turku, Finland.
3
Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky
Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South 4th St., Hamilton,
MT 59840.
aAuthor for correspondence. Fax 406-363-9427; e-mail jmusser{at}niaid.nih.gov.
Tuberculosis is one of the leading infectious diseases in the world and is responsible for more than 2 million deaths and 8 million new cases annually. Because of the slow growth rate of the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isolation, identification, and drug susceptibility testing of this organism and other clinically important mycobacteria can take several weeks or longer. During the past several years, many molecular methods have been developed for direct detection, species identification, and drug susceptibility testing of mycobacteria. These methods can potentially reduce the diagnostic time from weeks to days. Currently, two nucleic acid amplification methods, the Enhanced Mycobacterium tuberculosis Direct Test (Gen-Probe) and the Amplicor Mycobacterium tuberculosis Test (Roche Diagnostic Systems), have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for direct detection of M. tuberculosis from clinical specimens. PCR-based sequencing has become commonly used to identify many mycobacterial species. DNA probes have been widely used for species determination of the most commonly encountered mycobacteria. High-density oligonucleotide arrays (DNA microarrays) also have been applied to simultaneous species identification and detection of mutations that confer rifampin resistance in mycobacteria.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  M. Campos, A. Quartin, E. Mendes, A. Abreu, S. Gurevich, L. Echarte, T. Ferreira, T. Cleary, E. Hollender, and D. Ashkin Feasibility of Shortening Respiratory Isolation with a Single Sputum Nucleic Acid Amplification Test Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 2008; 178(3): 300 - 305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R A M Breen, S M Barry, C J Smith, R J Shorten, J P Dilworth, I Cropley, T D McHugh, S H Gillespie, G Janossy, and M C I Lipman Clinical application of a rapid lung-orientated immunoassay in individuals with possible tuberculosis Thorax, January 1, 2008; 63(1): 67 - 71. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. K. Sharma and A. Mohan Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a menace that threatens to destabilize tuberculosis control. Chest, July 1, 2006; 130(1): 261 - 272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Di Perri and S. Bonora Which agents should we use for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis? J. Antimicrob. Chemother., September 1, 2004; 54(3): 593 - 602. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Ruiz, M. J. Torres, A. C. Llanos, A. Arroyo, J. C. Palomares, and J. Aznar Direct Detection of Rifampin- and Isoniazid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Auramine-Rhodamine-Positive Sputum Specimens by Real-Time PCR J. Clin. Microbiol., April 1, 2004; 42(4): 1585 - 1589. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Piersimoni and C. Scarparo Relevance of Commercial Amplification Methods for Direct Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Clinical Samples J. Clin. Microbiol., December 1, 2003; 41(12): 5355 - 5365. [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Mayta, R. H. Gilman, F. Arenas, T. Valencia, L. Caviedes, S. H. Montenegro, E. Ticona, J. Ortiz, R. Chumpitaz, C. A. Evans, et al. Evaluation of a PCR-Based Universal Heteroduplex Generator Assay as a Tool for Rapid Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Peru J. Clin. Microbiol., December 1, 2003; 41(12): 5774 - 5777. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. C. Alexander, J. R. W. Jones, and J. Liu A Rifampin-Hypersensitive Mutant Reveals Differences between Strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Presence of a Novel Transposon, IS1623 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., October 1, 2003; 47(10): 3208 - 3213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Drosten, M. Panning, and S. Kramme Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Real-Time PCR Using Pan-Mycobacterial Primers and a Pair of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Probes Specific for the M. tuberculosis Complex Clin. Chem., October 1, 2003; 49(10): 1659 - 1661. [Full Text] [PDF]
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