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odziejski3
Departments of
1
Clinical Biochemistry,
2 Radiotherapy, and
3 Surgery, Center of Oncology, Cracow Division, 31-115 Cracow, Poland.
aAddress correspondence to this author at: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Oncology, Cracow Division, ul. Garncarska 11, 31-115 Cracow, Poland. Fax 48-012-422-8760; e-mail z5jkulpa{at}cyf-kr.edu.pl.
Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), and CYFRA 21-1 are the most useful markers for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a tumor maker of choice for SCLC. The determination of NSE in NSCLC could allow selection of patients with neuroendocrine features. NSCLC patients whose tumors have neuroendocrine properties may be more responsive to chemotherapy; however, these tumors have been reported to be more aggressive. Tumor markers are not suitable for diagnosis; their principal applications are in monitoring of therapy and prognosis.
Methods: Tumor markers were measured in 200 untreated patients with squamous cell lung cancer (SQC) and a reference group (n = 220; 124 healthy persons and 96 patients with nonmalignant lung disease). CEA and SCC-Ag were measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassays on Abbott AxSYM and IMx analyzers. CYFRA 21-1 and NSE were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays on the Roche Elecsys 2010.
Results: CEA, SCC-Ag, CYFRA 21-1, and NSE were increased above the cutoffs in 26%, 32%, 67%, and 28% of tested patients, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for CYFRA 21-1 was higher than those for CEA, SCC-Ag, and NSE (SQC vs controls). CYFRA 21-1 and CEA were significantly higher in advanced SQC than in early stages of disease (P <0.0001 and P <0.0004, respectively). In multivariate analysis of survival, CYFRA 21-1 was an independent but nonspecific prognostic factor in the operable group of SQC patients, whereas NSE was an independent prognostic factor in the advanced stages of disease.
Conclusion: CYFRA 21-1 is an independent prognostic factor in earlier stages and NSE in the advanced stages of SQC.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  S. Ocak, M. L. Sos, R. K. Thomas, and P. P. Massion High-throughput molecular analysis in lung cancer: insights into biology and potential clinical applications Eur. Respir. J., August 1, 2009; 34(2): 489 - 506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Ocak, P. Chaurand, and P. P. Massion Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomic Profiling of Lung Cancer Proceedings of the ATS, April 15, 2009; 6(2): 159 - 170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H Zhang, Q Zhao, Y Chen, Y Wang, S Gao, Y Mao, M Li, A Peng, D He, and X Xiao Selective expression of S100A7 in lung squamous cell carcinomas and large cell carcinomas but not in adenocarcinomas and small cell carcinomas Thorax, April 1, 2008; 63(4): 352 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. Ost, J. Goldberg, L. Rolnitzky, and W. N. Rom Survival after Surgery in Stage IA and IB Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 1, 2008; 177(5): 516 - 523. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 K. Matsuoka, S. Sumitomo, N. Nakashima, D. Nakajima, and N. Misaki Prognostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen and CYFRA21-1 in patients with pathological stage I non-small cell lung cancer Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., September 1, 2007; 32(3): 435 - 439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H.-J. Haussmann Smoking and Lung Cancer: Future Research Directions International Journal of Toxicology, July 1, 2007; 26(4): 353 - 364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 K.-T. Chang, C.-Y. F. Huang, C.-M. Tsai, C.-H. Chiu, and Y.-Y. Lok Role of IL-6 in neuroendocrine differentiation and chemosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, September 1, 2005; 289(3): L438 - L445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B. Lumbreras-Lacarra, J. M. Ramos-Rincon, and I. Hernandez-Aguado Methodology in Diagnostic Laboratory Test Research in Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Clin. Chem., March 1, 2004; 50(3): 530 - 536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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