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Clinical Chemistry 48: 913-918, 2002;
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(Clinical Chemistry. 2002;48:913-918.)
© 2002 American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc.

Determination of {alpha}-Fetoprotein in Human Serum by a Quartz Crystal Microbalance-based Immunosensor

Shu-Fen Chou1,2, Win-Lin Hsu3, Jing-Min Hwang3 and Chien-Yuan Chen2a

1 Department of Food Health, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C.

2 Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

aAuthor for correspondence. Fax 886-2-23661696; e-mail chenyuan{at}ccms.ntu.edu.tw.

Background: Increased {alpha}-fetoprotein (AFP) in adult plasma is considered an early indication of hepatocellular carcinoma and teratoblastoma. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid method to measure AFP in human serum by use of a direct immunosensor based on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM).

Methods: A self-assembled monolayer prepared by the cystamine method was applied to immobilize anti-AFP monoclonal antibodies on the gold surface of a quartz crystal. The frequency shifts of the QCM were measured and related to AFP concentrations. The piazoimmunosensor used no labeled reagent and no pretreatment of samples.

Results: Ten cycles of measurements could be performed on the gold surface of the same crystal regenerated with a solution of glycine-HCl. A linear relationship existed between the frequency shifts (Hz) and the log values of AFP concentrations from 0.1 to 100 µg/L in buffer and human serum. When used for 15 days, the frequency shifts were all >95% of those on the response at the first day. The regression equation was y = 1.03x - 0.06 (Sy|x = 3.92; r = 0.9987) for this QCM method and RIA in 29 clinical human serum samples.

Conclusions: The QCM sensor can measure AFP in buffer and human serum and offers advantages of high specificity, reusability, low detection limit, no label or sample pretreatment, and low sample requirement. The assay format of the immunosensor was more rapid and simpler than conventional methods.




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Y. Luo, M. Chen, Q. Wen, M. Zhao, B. Zhang, X. Li, F. Wang, Q. Huang, C. Yao, T. Jiang, et al.
Rapid and Simultaneous Quantification of 4 Urinary Proteins by Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalance Immunosensor Array
Clin. Chem., December 1, 2006; 52(12): 2273 - 2280.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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