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Departments of
1
Pediatrics,
2 Clinical Biochemistry, and
3 Nutrition, Hôpital Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, 3175 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5 Canada.
4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, 1020 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A2 Canada.
5 Direction Santé Québec, Institut de la statistique du Québec, 1200 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, Québec, H3B 4J8 Canada.
aAddress correspondence to this author at: Medical Genetics Service, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5 Canada. Fax 514-345-4766; e-mail marie.lambert{at}umontreal.ca.
Background: Plasma fasting insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are markers of IR, which, at least in part, mediates the relation of obesity to increased cardiovascular risk. Increased free fatty acids (FFAs) may be involved in the pathogenesis of IR. Our objectives were to describe the distributions of fasting plasma insulin, glucose, and FFAs and HOMA-IR in youth and to assess the relationship between FFAs and markers of IR.
Methods: Fasting plasma insulin, glucose, and FFAs were measured in a representative sample of Quebec youth comprising 2244 individuals 9, 13, and 16 years of age.
Results: In all age and sex groups, glucose exhibited remarkably tight distributions (median CV, 7.1%) in contrast to insulin, HOMA-IR, and FFAs (median CVs, 52%, 54% and 45%, respectively). For every percentile examined, 9-year-olds had lower insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR values than 13- and 16-year-olds. We observed strong correlations between insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR values, as well as close similarity in their rankings of individuals. The mean concentrations of glucose were higher in our population than in other Caucasian pediatric populations. No positive correlations were detected between FFAs and markers of IR.
Conclusions: We report some of the first data on the distributions of fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR, and FFAs from a representative sample of youth. HOMA-IR does not appear more informative than fasting insulin as a marker of IR. Our findings on higher mean glucose concentrations in this population require confirmation in other representative samples of youth to assess whether the North American distribution of glucose concentrations is shifting positively.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  M. J. Murphy, J. Hosking, B. S. Metcalf, L. D. Voss, A. N. Jeffery, N. Sattar, R. Williams, J. Jeffery, and T. J. Wilkin Distribution of Adiponectin, Leptin, and Metabolic Correlates of Insulin Resistance: A Longitudinal Study in British Children; 1: Prepuberty (EarlyBird 15) Clin. Chem., August 1, 2008; 54(8): 1298 - 1306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Wiegand, K. Raile, T. Reinehr, S. Hofer, A. Nake, W. Rabl, R. W Holl, and on behalf of the DPV-Wiss Study Group Daily insulin requirement of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: effect of age, gender, body mass index and mode of therapy. Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2008; 158(4): 543 - 549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. A. Sabin, M. De Hora, J. M.P. Holly, L. P. Hunt, A. L. Ford, S. R. Williams, J. S. Baker, C. J. Retallick, E. C. Crowne, and J. P.H. Shield Fasting Nonesterified Fatty Acid Profiles in Childhood and Their Relationship With Adiposity, Insulin Sensitivity, and Lipid Levels Pediatrics, December 1, 2007; 120(6): e1426 - e1433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E. S. Ford, C. Li, G. Imperatore, and S. Cook Age, Sex, and Ethnic Variations in Serum Insulin Concentrations Among U.S. Youth: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 Diabetes Care, December 1, 2006; 29(12): 2605 - 2611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 K. Raile, J. Klammt, A. Schneider, A. Keller, S. Laue, R. Smith, R. Pfaffle, J. Kratzsch, E. Keller, and W. Kiess Clinical and Functional Characteristics of the Human Arg59Ter Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor (IGF1R) Mutation: Implications for a Gene Dosage Effect of the Human IGF1R J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2006; 91(6): 2264 - 2271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. R. Mager, L. J. Wykes, E. A. Roberts, R. O. Ball, and P. B. Pencharz Branched-Chain Amino Acid Needs in Children with Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Cholestatic Liver Disease J. Nutr., January 1, 2006; 136(1): 133 - 139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Stan, E. Levy, E. E. Delvin, J. A. Hanley, B. Lamarche, J. O'Loughlin, G. Paradis, and M. Lambert Distribution of LDL Particle Size in a Population-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents and Relationship with Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors Clin. Chem., July 1, 2005; 51(7): 1192 - 1200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Stan, M. Lambert, E. Delvin, G. Paradis, J. O'Loughlin, J. A. Hanley, and E. Levy Intestinal fatty acid binding protein and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein polymorphisms in French-Canadian youth J. Lipid Res., February 1, 2005; 46(2): 320 - 327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Reinehr, W. Kiess, T. Kapellen, and W. Andler Insulin Sensitivity Among Obese Children and Adolescents, According to Degree of Weight Loss Pediatrics, December 1, 2004; 114(6): 1569 - 1573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Pereira and D. S. Ludwig Surveillance of Insulin Resistance in Children Clin. Chem., April 1, 2003; 49(4): 540 - 541. [Full Text] [PDF]
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