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Clinical Chemistry 50: 2083-2090, 2004. First published July 22, 2004; 10.1373/clinchem.2004.034868
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(Clinical Chemistry. 2004;50:2083-2090.)
© 2004 American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc.

Drug Monitoring and Toxicology

Validated Gas Chromatographic–Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometric Method for {Delta}9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Sweat Patches

Takeshi Saito1,2, Abraham Wtsadik1, Karl B. Scheidweiler1, Neil Fortner3, Sanae Takeichi2 and Marilyn A. Huestis1,a

1 Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD.
2 Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
3 PharmChem Incorporated, Haltom City, TX.

aAddress correspondence to this author at: Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, 5500 Nathan Shock Dr., Baltimore, MD 21224. Fax 410-550-2971; e-mail mhuestis{at}intra.nida.nih.gov.

Background: A sensitive gas chromatography–negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/MS-NICI) method was developed and validated for the measurement of {Delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in human sweat patches.

Methods: THC-d0 and THC-d3 were added to worn blank sweat patches (PharmChekTM; PharmChem Incorporated) and extracted with 3 mL of methanol–0.2 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0, 3:1 by volume) on a reciprocating shaker at ambient temperature for 30 min. Extracted solution (2 mL) was diluted with 8 mL of 0.1 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) and extracted by use of solid-phase extraction columns (CleanScreen®; United Chemical Technologies). Dried extracts were derivatized with trifluoroacetic acid and analyzed with an Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph interfaced with an Agilent 5973 mass selective detector operated in NICI–selected ion-monitoring mode.

Results: The lower limits of detection and quantification for THC in human sweat were 0.2 and 0.4 ng/patch, respectively. The calibration curve was linear from 0.4 to 10 ng/patch (R2 >0.995). Overall recovery of THC from blank worn patches to which 0.6, 4.0, and 8.0 ng of THC had been added was 44–46%. Assay imprecision, expressed as CV, was <10% for 0.6, 4.0, and 8.0 ng/patch quality-control samples. Twenty-one potential interfering compounds (50 ng/patch) added to low quality-control samples (0.6 ng/patch) did not influence THC quantification.

Conclusions: This GC/MS-NICI assay for THC in human sweat provides adequate sensitivity and performance characteristics for analyzing THC in sweat patches and meets the requirements of the proposed Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration’s guidelines for sweat testing.




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