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Clinical Chemistry 50: 355-364, 2004. First published November 21, 2003; 10.1373/clinchem.2003.022848
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(Clinical Chemistry. 2004;50:355-364.)
© 2004 American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc.

Drug Monitoring and Toxicology

[13C]Nandrolone Excretion in Trained Athletes: Interindividual Variability in Metabolism

Norbert Baume1, Lidia Avois1, Carine Schweizer1, Christine Cardis1, Jiri Dvorak2, Michel Cauderay3, Patrice Mangin1 and Martial Saugy1

1 Laboratoire suisse d’Analyse du Dopage, Institut de Médecine Légale, Département Universitaire de Médecine et Santé Communautaires, Lausanne, Switzerland.
2 FIFA/F-MARC Fifa Medical Assessment and Research Centre, Zürich, Switzerland.
3 Hôpital de la Riviera, site du Samaritain, Vevey, Switzerland.

aAddress correspondence to this author at: Laboratoire suisse d’Analyse du Dopage, Institut Universitaire de Médecine Légale, Rue du Bugnon 21, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland. Fax 41-21-314-7333; e-mail martial.saugy{at}hospvd.ch.

Background: Nandrolone is one of the most abused anabolic steroids, and its use in doping is increasing, as revealed by numerous positive cases during recent years in various sports. Different authors have reported the possible natural production of nandrolone metabolites in humans, and some of these authors argued that exhaustive exercise could increase nandrolone production in the body or induce dehydration and consequently lead to an increase of nandrolone metabolites in urine.

Methods: Volunteers (n = 22) ingested two 25-mg doses of [13C]nandrolone at 24-h intervals and collected urine specimens for 5 days. The labeled nandrolone metabolites 19-norandrosterone and 19-noretiocholanolone were identified and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.

Results: Interindividual variability was observed in nandrolone excretion patterns and kinetics, as well as for the noretiocholanolone:norandrosterone ratio. The amounts of nandrolone metabolites measured at the excretion peak varied between 1180 and 38 661 µg/L for norandrosterone and 576 and 12 328 µg/L for noretiocholanolone. At the end of the excretion period, the noretiocholanolone:norandrosterone ratio was sometimes >1. The analysis of numerous spot-urine samples allowed the determination of an acceptable correlation between urinary creatinine and specific gravity for placebo- and steroid-treated individuals: y = 0.0052ln(x) + 1.0178 (r2 = 0.8142) and y = 0.0068ln(x) + 1.0172 (r2 = 0.7730), respectively.

Conclusions: The excretion kinetics and patterns of labeled nandrolone show interindividual variability. More investigations are currently underway to estimate the influence of exhaustive exercises on excretion of labeled nandrolone metabolites in urine.




The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:


Home page
 Am J Sports MedHome page
G. A. Green
Doping Control for the Team Physician: A Review of Drug Testing Procedures in Sport
Am. J. Sports Med., October 1, 2006; 34(10): 1690 - 1698.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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