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Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors |
-Glutamyltransferase: The Cardiovascular Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
1 Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.2 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.3 Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.4 Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
aAddress correspondence to this author at: University of Minnesota, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, 1300 South 2nd St., Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454. Fax 612-624-0315; e-mail jacobs{at}epi.umn.edu.
Background: Our previous studies suggest that serum 
-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity may be related to oxidative stress, supporting findings of experimental studies. To further examine the role of GGT in relation to oxidative stress, we investigated the association between serum carotenoids and tocopherols, which have antioxidant properties, and serum GGT.
Methods: Study participants were 3128 black and white men and women 17–35 years of age in 1985–1986. Serum carotenoids and tocopherols were measured at years 0 and 7, and serum GGT was measured at years 0 and 10.
Results: Circulating concentrations of 
-carotene, ß-carotene, and ß-cryptoxanthin inversely predicted the serum GGT concentration measured 10 years later in a dose–response manner (P for trend <0.01). Year 0 zeaxanthin/lutein was weakly inversely associated with year 10 GGT (P for trend = 0.08), and year 0 lycopene was unrelated to year 10 GGT. Adjusted geometric means of serum GGT at year 10 according to quintile of the sum of four carotenoids at year 0 (-carotene, ß-carotene, ß-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin/lutein) were 19.9, 19.4, 18.9, 17.8, and 17.3 U/L (P for trend <0.01). Year 0 -tocopherol was also a significant inverse predictor of year 10 serum GGT concentration (P for trend = 0.03), whereas -tocopherol showed an inconsistent or possibly U-shaped association. However, year 0 serum GGT did not predict serum antioxidants measured 7 years later.
Conclusion: Our present findings support the contention that serum GGT concentration is a marker related with oxidative stress.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  L. B. Signorello, M. S. Buchowski, Q. Cai, H. M. Munro, M. K. Hargreaves, and W. J. Blot Biochemical Validation of Food Frequency Questionnaire-Estimated Carotenoid, {alpha}-Tocopherol, and Folate Intakes Among African Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites in the Southern Community Cohort Study Am. J. Epidemiol., February 15, 2010; 171(4): 488 - 497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. Janicki-Deverts, S. Cohen, K. A. Matthews, M. D. Gross, and D. R. Jacobs Jr Socioeconomic Status, Antioxidant Micronutrients, and Correlates of Oxidative Damage: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study Psychosom Med, June 1, 2009; 71(5): 541 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. M. Strasak, K. Rapp, L. J. Brant, W. Hilbe, M. Gregory, W. Oberaigner, E. Ruttmann, H. Concin, G. Diem, K. P. Pfeiffer, et al. Association of {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase and Risk of Cancer Incidence in Men: A Prospective Study Cancer Res., May 15, 2008; 68(10): 3970 - 3977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Valtuena, N. Pellegrini, L. Franzini, M. A Bianchi, D. Ardigo, D. Del Rio, P. Piatti, F. Scazzina, I. Zavaroni, and F. Brighenti Food selection based on total antioxidant capacity can modify antioxidant intake, systemic inflammation, and liver function without altering markers of oxidative stress Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1290 - 1297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. Hozawa, D. R. Jacobs Jr., M. W. Steffes, M. D. Gross, L. M. Steffen, and D.-H. Lee Relationships of Circulating Carotenoid Concentrations with Several Markers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Dysfunction: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)/Young Adult Longitudinal Trends in Antioxidants (YALTA) Study Clin. Chem., March 1, 2007; 53(3): 447 - 455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. B. Whitfield Serum {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase and Risk of Disease Clin. Chem., January 1, 2007; 53(1): 1 - 2. [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Ryu, Y. Chang, D.-I. Kim, W. S. Kim, and B.-S. Suh {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase as a Predictor of Chronic Kidney Disease in Nonhypertensive and Nondiabetic Korean Men Clin. Chem., January 1, 2007; 53(1): 71 - 77. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. Barcelo, F. Barbe, M. de la Pena, M. Vila, G. Perez, J. Pierola, J. Duran, and A. G. N. Agusti Antioxidant status in patients with sleep apnoea and impact of continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2006; 27(4): 756 - 760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D.-H. Lee, M.-H. Ha, S. Kam, B. Chun, J. Lee, K. Song, Y. Boo, L. Steffen, and D. R. Jacobs Jr. A Strong Secular Trend in Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase from 1996 to 2003 among South Korean Men Am. J. Epidemiol., January 1, 2006; 163(1): 57 - 65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D.-H. Lee, D. R. Jacobs Jr, M. Gross, and M. Steffes Serum {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase Was Differently Associated with Microalbuminuria by Status of Hypertension or Diabetes: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study Clin. Chem., July 1, 2005; 51(7): 1185 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. H. Lee, K. Silventoinen, D. R. Jacobs Jr., P. Jousilahti, and J. Tuomileto {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase, Obesity, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Observational Cohort Study among 20,158 Middle-Aged Men and Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2004; 89(11): 5410 - 5414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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