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Clinical Chemistry 51: 56-64, 2005. First published November 18, 2004; 10.1373/clinchem.2004.032458
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(Clinical Chemistry. 2005;51:56-64.)
© 2005 American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc.

Proteomics and Protein Markers

Proteomic Fingerprints for Potential Application to Early Diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Xixiong Kang1, Yang Xu2, Xiaoyi Wu3, Yong Liang4, Chen Wang5, Junhua Guo2, Yajie Wang1, Maohua Chen13, Da Wu3, Youchun Wang7, Shengli Bi8, Yan Qiu9, Peng Lu10, Jing Cheng11, Bai Xiao6, Liangping Hu15, Xing Gao12, Jingzhong Liu6, Yiping Wang3, Yingzhao Song3, Liqun Zhang3, Fengshuang Suo1, Tongyan Chen1, Zeyu Huang1, Yunzhuan Zhao1, Hong Lu1, Chunqin Pan4 and Hong Tang14,a

1 Center for Laboratory Diagnosis, Beijing Tiantan Hospital and Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
2 Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc., Beijing, China.
3 Deyi Diagnosis Institute, Beijing, China.
4 Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
5 Institute of Respiratory Medicine and 6 Basic Medical Research Center, Chaoyang Hospital and Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
7 Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (NICPBP), Beijing, China.
8 Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
9 Department of Quality Control, Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, Beijing, China.
10 Society of Blood Transfusion, Beijing, China.
11 National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
12 Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Bureau of Public Health, Beijing, China.
13 Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu Province, China.
14 Center for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
15 Consulting Center of Biomedical Statistics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

aAddress correspondence to this author at: Center for Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 13 Zhongguancun Bei Yi Tiao, PO Box 2714, Beijing, China 100080. Fax 86-10-62638849; e-mail hongtang{at}sun.im.ac.cn.

Background: Definitive early-stage diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is important despite the number of laboratory tests that have been developed to complement clinical features and epidemiologic data in case definition. Pathologic changes in response to viral infection might be reflected in proteomic patterns in sera of SARS patients.

Methods: We developed a mass spectrometric decision tree classification algorithm using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Serum samples were grouped into acute SARS (n = 74; <7 days after onset of fever) and non-SARS [n = 1067; fever and influenza A (n = 203), pneumonia (n = 176); lung cancer (n = 29); and healthy controls (n = 659)] cohorts. Diluted samples were applied to WCX-2 ProteinChip arrays (Ciphergen), and the bound proteins were assessed on a ProteinChip Reader (Model PBS II). Bioinformatic calculations were performed with Biomarker Wizard software 3.1.1 (Ciphergen).

Results: The discriminatory classifier with a panel of four biomarkers determined in the training set could precisely detect 36 of 37 (sensitivity, 97.3%) acute SARS and 987 of 993 (specificity, 99.4%) non-SARS samples. More importantly, this classifier accurately distinguished acute SARS from fever and influenza with 100% specificity (187 of 187).

Conclusions: This method is suitable for preliminary assessment of SARS and could potentially serve as a useful tool for early diagnosis.




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