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Serum -Glutamyltransferase Was Differently Associated with Microalbuminuria by Status of Hypertension or Diabetes: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

¹ Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
² Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and³ Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
⁴ Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

^aAddress correspondence to this author at: University of Minnesota, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, 1300 South 2nd St., Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454. Fax 612-624-0315; e-mail jacobs{at}epi.umn.edu.

Background: We hypothesized that serum -glutamyltransferase (GGT) would positively predict the risk of microalbuminuria, a frequent consequence of both diabetes and hypertension, because serum GGT predicted diabetes and hypertension in dose–response relationships.

Methods: In this prospective study, 2478 black and white men and women without microalbuminuria at year 10 provided urine samples 5 years later. Year 10 GGT cutpoints were 12, 18, and 29 U/L.

Results: The incidence of microalbuminuria across year 10 GGT categories was U-shaped. Adjusted odds ratios across quartiles of serum GGT were 1.0, 0.39, 0.54, and 0.94 (P <0.01 for quadratic term), but the shape of association depended on the status of hypertension or diabetes (P <0.01 for interaction). Among individuals who ever had hypertension or diabetes, year 10 serum GGT showed a clear positive dose–response association with incident microalbuminuria (P <0.01 for trend), whereas among individuals with neither hypertension nor diabetes during the study, year 10 GGT showed a U-shaped association with it (P = 0.01 for quadratic term). When the long-term risk was evaluated in 3895 participants based on serum GGT at year 0 and prevalence of microalbuminuria at year 10 or year 15, the trends were similar but weaker than those of short-term incidence risk.

Conclusions: Serum GGT within the physiologic range predicted microalbuminuria among patients with hypertension or diabetes and may act as a predictor of microvascular and/or renal complications in these vulnerable groups. GGT showed a U-shaped association with microalbuminuria among persons who did not develop either hypertension or diabetes.

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				S. M. Grundy Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase: Another Biomarker for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., January 1, 2007; 27(1): 4 - 7. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D.-H. Lee, K. Silventoinen, G. Hu, D. R. Jacobs Jr, P. Jousilahti, J. Sundvall, and J. Tuomilehto Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase predicts non-fatal myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease among 28 838 middle-aged men and women Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2006; 27(18): 2170 - 2176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]